题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Stealing salt was considered a major crime (罪行) during some periods of history. In the eighteenth century, for example, if a person was caught stealing salt, he could be put in prison and his ears could be cut off.
In the Roman Empire, one of the most important roads was the one that carried salt from the salt mines to Rome. Guards were stationed along the route to protect against salt thieves, and they received their pay in salt, thus bringing the English word, salary. Any guard who fell asleep while on duty was thought to be “not worth his salt”, and as a result he would get a little less salt on his next payday. The expression, “not worth his salt”, is still used today in English.
In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table. It is used in making glass and airplane parts, in the growing of crops, and in the killing of weeds (杂草). It is also used to make water soft, to melt (融化) ice on roads and highways, to make soap, and to fix colors in cloth.
Salt can be got in various ways besides being taken from mines underground. Salt water from the ocean, salt water lakes or small seas can be used to make salt. Yet, no matter where it comes from, salt will continue to play an important role in the lives of people everywhere.
小题1:According to the text, salt can be used in the following EXCEPT _____.
| A．keeping dead bodies |
| B．punishing thieves |
| C．protecting crops |
| D．making industrial products |
| A．protect the city of Rome |
| B．watch people carrying salt |
| C．prevent thieves from stealing salt |
| D．carry salt from the mines to Rome |
| A．fails to do his work well |
| B．should not be paid in salt |
| C．doesn’t want to work at all |
| D．should use less salt |
| A．how salt was found and got |
| B．salt is important in people’s life |
| C．salt was difficult to get in the past |
| D．what salt brings to the English language |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B
解析
试题分析：本文主要讲述了在人类历史上盐的重要作用。
小题1:B 细节题。根据文章第一段salt was used to preserve (保存) the dead. 可知A正确。倒数第二段. It is used in making glass and airplane parts, in the growing of crops可知CD正确。只有B项文章中没有提及是盐的用途。故B符合要求。
小题2:C 细节题。根据文章第三段第2行Guards were stationed along the route to protect against salt thieves,可知很多士兵被安排在大路的两边保护这些盐。故C正确。
小题3:A 推理题。根据文章第三段Any guard who fell asleep while on duty was thought to be “not worth his salt”, and as a result he would get a little less salt on his next payday. The expression, “not worth his salt”, is still used today in English.可知该短语是指这些人的工作没有做好。故A正确。
小题4:B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知在我们的生活中盐扮演着很重要的作用。故B正确。
点评：本文主要讲述了在人类历史上盐的重要作用。本文考查细节题为主，细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或是其变体。搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
核心考点
试题【We do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (避难处) have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent $750, 000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from abandoned spots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben.
For peregrine falcons (游隼), cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings (悬崖栖息地). By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food.
Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.
小题1:The first paragraph suggests that ________.
| A．environment is the key to wildlife |
| B．tour books are not always a reliable source of information |
| C．London is a city of fox |
| D．foxes are highly adaptable to environment |
| A．Food is plentiful in the cities. |
| B．Wildlife is appreciated in the cities. |
| C．Wildlife refuges have been built in the cities. |
| D．Air and water quality has improved in the cities. |
| A．Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoos |
| B．Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their city |
| C．Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countryside |
| D．Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a problem |
| A．Wildlife returning to large cities. |
| B．Foxes returning to London. |
| C．Wild animals living in zoos. |
| D．A survey of wildlife in New York. |
Of course he isn’t really dead. With any luck he isn’t even hurt. Why ? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars of even catching fire, are professionals（职业）.They do this for a living. These men are called stuntmen. That is to say, they perform tricks（骗局）.
There are two sides to their work. They actually do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not fall on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress（床垫）. Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar!
But although their work depend on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training. Often a stuntman’s success depends on careful timing（计时）.For example, when he is “blown up” in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion（爆炸）just at the right moment.
Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get seriously injured, and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff a thousand feet high. His parachute（降落伞）failed to open, and he was killed.
In spite of（尽管）all the risks, this is no longer a profession for men only. Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous action. For nowadays there are stuntgirls too!
小题1:Stuntmen are those who____________
| A．Often dress up as actors |
| B．prefer to lead dangerous lives |
| C．often perform seemingly dangerous actions |
| D．often fight each other for their lives |
| A．playing their dirty tricks |
| B．selling their special skills |
| C．jumping out of high windows |
| D．jumping from fast moving trains |
| A．he needs little protection |
| B．he will be covered with a mattress |
| C．his life is endangered |
| D．his safety is generally all right |
| A．Strength | B．Exactness | C．Speed | D．Carefulness |
| A．Sometimes an accident can occur to a stuntman. |
| B．The percentage of serious accidents is high. |
| C．Parachutes must be of good quality. |
| D．The cliff is too high. |
As she walked toward the school’s front door, an angry crowd of people shouted at her. United States marshals walked with her. A marshal is a police officer. They were there to protect the first grader. That’s because the people didn’t want Ruby to go inside the school. But the 6-year-old walked into the school anyway. As she did, she marched into history books.
The day was Nov. 14, 1960. On that morning, little Ruby became one of the first African Americans to attend an all-white primary school in the South.
Before then, the law in many states said that black children could not attend the same schools as white children. People of different races also had to use separate public restrooms. It was called segregation. That is when people of different races are kept separate.
U.S. leaders worked to end segregation. They helped bring civil rights to all Americans. Those are the rights mean that all people should be treated equally. A few months before Ruby started school, a federal court (联邦法庭) had just ordered an end to school segregation in New Orleans.
By the time Ruby started the second grade, there were no more angry people outside her school. There were other African American students in her class. Today, children of all races go to school together.
Bridges said she was never scared to go to school during the first grade. She wasn’t really afraid and she didn’t really know what was going on at the time.
小题1:Why was Ruby Bridges famous in the American history?
| A．She served on the U.S. federal court. |
| B．She got along well with the U.S. marshals. |
| C．She helped end school segregation in New Orleans. |
| D．She brought all rights to the Americans with U.S. leaders. |
| A．White and black children couldn’t study in the same school. |
| B．All people should have the right to be treated equally. |
| C．Different races can use the same public convenience. |
| D．Students of all races should be able to attend school together. |
| A．Disappointing. | B．Acceptable. |
| C．Successful. | D．Confusing. |
The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications(并发症) discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported.
The study found that emergency operations are nine times more likely to lead to such mistakes, and operating–room complications requiring a change in procedure are four times more likely.
It also happens more often to fat patients, simply because there is more room inside them to lose equipment, according to the study.
Two–thirds of the mistakes happened even though the equipment was counted before and after the procedure, in keeping with the standard practice.
Most lost objects were sponges, but also included were metal clamps and electrodes(电极). In two cases, 11–inch retractors (牵引器) metal strips were forgotten inside patients. In another operation, four sponges were left inside someone. When there is significant bleeding and a sponge is placed in a patient, it can sometimes look indistinguishable from the tissue around it.
The lost objects usually lay around the abdomen (腹腔) or hips but sometimes in the chest. They often caused tears or infections. Most patients needed additional surgery to remove the object. In other cases, patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems.
To prevent such mistakes from happening, Loyola University Medical Center is becoming one of the first hospitals in the country to use sponges outfitted with bar codes. The new system was brought to Loyola through the efforts of the hospital’s operating room nurses.
Another effective way is to X–ray patients after surgery to reduce the likelihood of objects being left inside patients.
小题1:In which of the following situations are objects most likely to be left inside a patient?
| A．The nurses are counting the equipment and the patient is being X–rayed. |
| B．The surgeons are doing the last operation of the day, and everyone is exhausted. |
| C．unexpected happens and some changes must be made in the procedure. |
| D．A complex operation is going on according to the plan made by many experts. |
| A．Such mistakes happen more often to fat patients. |
| B．1,500 patients suffer from the mistake all over the world every year. |
| C．X–ray examination can help to find the lost objects. |
| D．The mistake largely results from stress rather than tiredness. |
| A．Surgical teams aren’t to blame for the mistakes. |
| B．Some people never know there is something left inside their body. |
| C．Most mistakes happen because equipment isn’t counted after the procedure. |
| D．Only some small objects may be left inside the patients. |
| A．Never Trust Anyone | B．A Mistake in the Operating Room |
| C．Carelessness and Mistakes | D．Tips for Patient Safety |
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self – worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life – and – death affairs. In their single – minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self – respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
小题1:What does this passage mainly talk about?
| A．Competition helps to set up self – respect. |
| B．Competition is harmful to personal quality development. |
| C．Opinions about competition are different among people. |
| D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition |
| A．It improves personal abilities. | B．It builds up a sense of duty. |
| C．It pushes society forward. | D．It encourages individual efforts. |
| A．those who try their best to win |
| B．those who value competition most highly |
| C．those who rely on others most for success |
| D．those who are against competition most strongly. |
| A．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. |
| B．Competition should be encouraged. |
| C．Winning should be a life – and – death matter. |
| D．Every effort should be paid back. |
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