If you know how to study wine, it can tell you about its history and qualities. Many wine experts can
even identify the kind of wine without ever seeing the label on the bottle. Studying a wine involves using
several senses, not just taste.
First, pour the wine into a glass and look at it. It might help to put a piece of white paper behind the
glass so you can see the color clearly. Color can tell a lot about the kind of grapes, where the wine is from
and its age. A white wine might be almost colorless. White wines to darker with age. White wines made
from grapes grown in a cool climate are often paler, with a higher amount of acid. White wines from grapes
grown in a warmer climate are often yellower, with less acid. The color of red wines can be purplish red
to brick red. Red wines often become paler with age. Red wines grown in warmer climates often have deeper
color than those grown in cooler climates.
Next, turn the glass so that the wine moves around inside. This brings air into the wine, so that it gives
off its smell. Smell the wine deeply. A wine"s smell is actually telling more than its taste. To use a wine term,
what can you learn about the wine from its "nose"? Is the wine fruity? Does it smell like oak (橡树)? Do you
smell grass or maybe honey? Maybe the smell is like butter or a mineral.
Now it is time to taste the wine. Move it around in your mouth. You may recognize some tastes because
you identified them while smelling the wine. You can also consider the wine"s sweetness and its acidity (酸性).
You may note the taste of tannin. Tannins are chemicals that are found in the skin and seeds of grapes. Tannins
taste bitter and seem to coat your mouth. To make a good wine requires a balance between sugar, acidity,
tannin and alcohol.
Professional wine tasters have many special words to describe wines. Some adjectives might be surprising.
For example, a wine that feels smooth might be described as "velvety" or "silky". A wine that does not have
enough acidity is "flabby" or "fat". A wine with a strong tannin taste could be "chewy".
B. blocking the strong sunlight
C. gathering the smell
D. spotting the grapes
B. The paler red wines are, the older they are.
C. The darker white wines are, the younger they are.
D. The older red wines are, the sweeter they are.
B. Smell→taste→sight.
C. Smell→sight→taste.
D. Sight→smell→taste.
B. How can we introduce a wine?
C. How can we taste a wine?
D. How can we make a wine?
A few weeks ago, an asteroid (小行星) almost 30 feet across and flying along at 38,000 miles per hour
flew 28,000 miles above Singapore. Why, you might reasonably ask, should we care about a near miss from
such a tiny rock? Well, I can give you one very good reason: asteroids don"t always miss. If even a relatively
little object was to strike a city, millions of people could be wiped out.
Thanks to telescopes that can see ever smaller objects at ever greater distances, we can now predict
dangerous asteroid impacts decades ahead of time. We can even use current space technology and fairly
simple spacecraft to alter an asteroid"s orbit enough to avoid a collision. We simply need to get this detection-
and-deflection program up and running.
President Obama has already announced a goal of landing astronauts on an asteroid by 2025 as a pioneer
to a human mission to Mars. Asteroids are deep-space bodies, orbiting the Sun, not the Earth, and traveling
to one would mean sending humans into solar orbit for the very first time. Facing those challenges of radiation,
navigation and life support on a months-long trip millions of miles from home would be a perfect learning
journey before a Mars trip.
Near-Earth objects like asteroids and comets-mineral-rich bodies bathed in a continuous flood of sunlight-
may also be the ultimate resource depots for the human being.
To be fair, no one has ever seen the sort of impact that would destroy a city. The most instructive incident
took place in 1908 in the remote Tunguska region of Siberia, when a 120-foot-diameter asteroid exploded
early one morning. It probably killed nothing except reindeer (驯鹿) but it flattened 800 square miles of forest.
Statistically, that kind of event occurs every 200 to 300 years.
Luckily, larger asteroids are even fewer and farther between-but think of the asteroid seven to eight miles
across that annihilated the dinosaurs (and 75 percent of all species) 65 million years ago.
Certainly, when it comes to the far more numerous Tunguska- sized objects, to date we think we"ve
discovered less than a half of I percent of the million or so that cross Earth"s orbit every year. We need to
pinpoint (定位) many more of these objects and, predict whether they will hit us before it"s too late. With a
readily achievable detection-and-deflection system we can avoid the dinosaurs" fate.
B. To prove the necessity of a planetary defense program.
C. To show the danger the Earth is facing from outerspace.
D. To throw light on the development of space technology.
B. enable human to survive in deep sea
C. help human access resource in space
D. predict potential disasters on the Earth
B. the danger from space is few and far between
C. the detection-and-deflection system is of no use
D. the difficulty of predicting the strike of a tiny asteroid
B. it"s vital to set up the detection-and-deflection system
C. it"s unnecessary to care about the tiny object from the space
D. it"s possible to put the planetary defense system into use in 2025
that is aimed at them. The new site is called Admongo. It claims to provide visitors with an "aducation"
through games and other entertainment.
A cartoon man dressed in old time pilot clothing greets visitors to Admongo. "Call me Haiz" he says upon
arrival in a rocket ship that opens up with a crazy world inside it. Dabce plays in the background as Haiz tells
visitors that they need to learn about advertising.
The Admongo website is aimed at children eight to twelve years old. Its inventors say that is the age kids
develop their critical thinking abilities. Kids that age are also a big market for advertisers.
The idea behind Admongo is to teach children three things: to identify the advertiser, to know what the
advertiser is really saying, and to know what the advertisement is trying to get the child to do.
Children learn these things through a video game. They create their own game character. They can choose
different skin colors, hairstyles, eye and mouth shapes. Then they begin a trip through ad- land. They take a
walk through the neighborhood. They seek out the advertising and capture treasures. There are ads on buses
and billboards. The players have to find all the marketing in the neighborhood before they can move on to the
next level.
The Admongo game takes players inside a home, to the advertising studio and everywhere else ads can be
found. It is a complete exploration of the world of marketing.
One such area is food marketing. The Federal Trade Commission says it is an especially big business. The
F. T. C. estimates that food, drink and fast-food restaurants spent more that one and a half billion dollars on
advertising to young people in 2009.
The F. T. C. says children are important for three reasons. They buy products. They influence parents and
caregivers to buy. And they are the future adult buyers of the products.
A recent study says most advertising aimed at children is for foods of the lowest nutritional value. First
Lady Michelle Obama has said she would like to see advertisers marketing healthy foods for children.
B. to advertise the online video game for children
C. to help children know well about advertising
D. to advertise the products of its company
B. They can play video games in the trip.
C. They can eat in a fast-food restaurant.
D. They can travel to a supermarket.
B. are the most potential buyers
C. are the most important for society
D. are easily affected by low-quality products
B. An "ad-education" website for children
C. A popular online video game
D. The Admongo"s guide
is to let children learn from experiences at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.
The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to
family. Timing is another consideration, Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly
allowance.
In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the
money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this,
they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget (预算). Parents are usually advised
not to offer more money until the next allowance.
The object is to show young people that a budget demands a choice between spending and saving.
Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics.
Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your child for
work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life.
Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an
understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They can
share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or
they can save it.
Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice. You have to cut costs and plan for
the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowances can also open the door to future saving and
investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance.
A saving account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest.
Compounding works by paying interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest
for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of
one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot, but over time it adds up.
B. whether the child has made a budget
C. where the money really goes
D. how often a child can get it
B. stronger power to hold one"s attention to saving money
C. money paid by the bank on your original money and the gain from it
D. your parents" money from working in the bank
B. children can learn to set up their own business with their allowances
C. keeping allowances in the bank is the best choice for children
D. it is not a good idea to pay children for housework at home
B. Be Wise to Avoid Financial Mistakes
C. Saving Allowances Does Good to Children
D. Allowances Help Children Learn about Money
That"s right, animals. Scientists have begun to understand what farmers have known for thousands of years.
Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in
strange ways. Before a Chinese quake in 1975, snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to
death in the cold air. Cows broke their halters (缰绳) and tried to escape. Chickens refused to enter their cage.
All of this unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in the earth, warned Chinese scientists of the coming
quake. They moved people away from the danger zone saved thousands of lives.
One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It"s not an
easy job. First of all, not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in
1977, for example, an Arabian horse became very nervous and tried to break out of his enclosure. The
Australian horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It"s also difficult at times to tell the difference
between normal animal restlessness and "earthquake nerves." A zoo keeper once called earthquake researchers,
saying that his cougar had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cat had an upset stomach.
A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kinds of warnings the animals receive. They know
that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that
people do not even notice. Some can sense tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of earth.
This extra sense probably helps animals predict earthquakes.
A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were shut in an area that was being shaken
by a series of tiny earthquakes. (Several small quakes often come before or after a large one.) Before each
quake a low booming sound was heard. Each boom caused the dogs to bark wildly. Then the dogs began to
bark during a silent period. A scientist who was recording quakes looked at his machine. It was acting as
though there were a loud noise too. The scientist realized that the dogs had reacted to booming noise. They
also sensed the tiny quake that followed it. The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing.
In this case there was a machine to monitor what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our
machines record nothing extraordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animals might be
sensing something we measure but do not recognize as a warning. Discovering what animals sense, and
learning how they know it is a danger signal, is a job for future scientists.
B. how animals know when an earthquake is coming
C. why animals not humans have a good sense of danger
D. how much animals know about an earthquake
B. snakes were frozen to death in their caves
C. snakes awoke from their winter sleep earlier
D. cows broke their halters and escaped from their sheds
B. A cougar had an upset stomach unexpectedly.
C. An Australian horse was perfectly calm.
D. A cat acted very strangely in a zoo.
B. compare the reactions of animals and those of humans
C. prove that animals could sense more than humans
D. find out what exact warnings animals send
important medical breakthroughs. He was being interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he
thought he was able to be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from
others?
He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he
was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his
grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor-a real sea of milk!
When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him,
she said, "Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle
of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few
minutes before we clean it up?"
Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, "You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like
this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to
do that? We could use a sponge, a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge and together
they cleaned up the spilled milk.
His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a
big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let"s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you
can discover a way to carry it without dropping it." The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the
top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!
This famous renowned scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn"t need to
be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something
new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment "doesn"t work," we
usually learn something valuable from it.
B. compare the different ways of family education
C. reveal the secret of the scientist"s success
D. inspire the parents to improve their teaching methods
B. was so working hard as to succeed
C. owes a lot to his education from his mother
D. has made some great contributions to physics research
B. She cleaned the floor.
C. She taught how to grasp the bottle.
D. She gave the boy a lecture.
B. It would be great if the experiment doesn"t work at all.
C. It would be great if all parents would respond the way Robert"s mother responded to him.
D. It would be great if we are more creative than the average person.
- 1下列成语中，说明生物能影响环境的是（ ）A．风声鹤唳，草木皆兵B．千里之堤，溃于蚁穴C．螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后D．不入虎穴
- 2情景对话，从下面方框中选出合适的选项补全对话（5分）A: 1 B：Because I have got
- 3在呼吸系统中能完成气***换的结构是[ ]A．鼻 B．咽 C．气管
- 4已知F1、F2是椭圆x24+y23=1的两个焦点，平面内一个动点M满足|MF1|-|MF2|=2，则动点M的轨迹是（
- 5党的十八大报告指出，在新的历史条件下夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利，必须坚持走共同富裕的道路，坚持社会主义基本经济制度和分配
- 6下图显示的是同一木块先后两次在同一水平面上运动时，在相等时间内连续拍摄的“频闪”照片。由图可知，两次实验中，木块的速度
- 7根据中文意思，在下列各小题的空白处填入适当的单词或短语。 1. 开车去上学花的时间比乘公共汽车少。 Driving
- 8某班男同学占55%，女同学占45%，在绘制男、女生人数所占百分比的扇形统计图中，代表女生的扇形所对应的圆心角是_____
- 9如图①，正方形 ABCD中，点A、B的坐标分别为（0，10），（8，4）， 点C在第一象限．动点P在正方形 ABCD的边
- 10【题文】已知集合只有一个元素，则a的值为 （
- 1已知x2m-1+3y4-2n=-7是关于x，y的二元一次方程，则m、n的值是（ ）A．m=2n=1B．m=1n=-32
- 2人的手被热水烫了一下，手缩了一下，并且在缩手的同时感到又烫又痛，以下说法不正确的是：[ ]A．这是反射活动B．受
- 3蚯蚓、蝗虫、鲫鱼、鸟的呼吸器官分别是（ ）A．鳃、肺、体壁、气管B．体壁、气管、鳃、肺C．体壁、鳃、肺、气管D．肺、体
- 4正常雨水的pH______7（填大于或小于），其原因用化学方程式解释可表示为______．
- 5若关于，的不等式组（为常数）所表示的平面区域的面积等于2，则的值为 .
- 6 学以致用，探究问题。（13分）材料一：“用最高的速度来发展我国的社会生产力，实现国家的工业化和农业现代化，是总路线的基
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- 8臭氧可使湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸变蓝，化学方程式为：2KI+O3+H2O═2KOH+I2+O2，下列叙述正确的是（ ）A．
- 9古诗文默写。（1）烽火连三月，_______________。（杜甫《春望》）（2）不畏浮云遮望眼，__________
- 10自然界存在许多循环现象，下列四种循环所发生的变化主要通过物理变化实现的是A．碳循环B．氧循环C．二氧化碳循环D．水的天然