题目
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land masses and blue- green oceans. We had never seen the Earth from that distance before. To us, it appeared
as though the Earth had always looked that way and always would. Scientists now know, however, that the
surface of the Earth is not as permanent as we had thought.
Scientists explain that the surface of our planet is always moving. Continents moves about the Earth like
huge ships at sea. They float on pieces of the Earth"s outer skin. New outer skin is created as melted rock
pushed up from below the ocean floor. Old outer skin is destroyed as it rolls down into the hot area and melts
again.
Only since the 1960s have scientists really began to under- stand that the planet Earth is a great living
machine. Some experts have said this new understanding is one of the most important revolutions in scientific
thought. The revolution is based on the work of scientists who study the movement of the continents-a science
called plate tectonics.
The modern story of plate tectonics begins with the German scientist Alfred Wegener. Before World War
One, Wegener argued that the continents had moved and were still moving. He said the idea first occurred to
him when he observed that the coastlines of South America and Africa could fit together like two pieces of a
puzzle. He proposed that the two continents might have been one and then split apart.
Wegener was not the first person to wonder about the shape of the continents. About 500 years ago,
explorers thought about it when they made the first maps of Americas. The explorers noted the east coast of
North America and South America would fit almost exactly into the west coast of Europe and South Africa.
What the explorers did not do, but Wegener did, was to investigate the idea that the continents move.
B. Human"s recognition of the earth"s surface.
C. The German scientist Alfred Wegener.
D. The early explorers" discovery.
B. Our ancient thought that the surface of the earth is still.
C. Alfred Wegener was not the first person to investigate the idea that the continents move.
D. The coastlines of India and Africa fit together.
B. study of architecture
C. earth surface
D. structural geology
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 The first breath-taking pictures of the Earth taken from space showed 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
of man. The sea has provided man with food and a convenient (便利的) way to travel to many parts of the
world. Today, nearly two thirds of the world"s population live within 80 kilometers of the sea coast.
In the modern technological world, the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive (=continue to
live). Resources on land are beginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be hoped to supply many of
man"s needs.
The list of riches of the sea yet to be developed by man"s technology is impressive. Oil and gas explorations
(探险) have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of minerals exist on the ocean floor ready
to be mined (开采).
Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and shellfish
(贝类动物) is an ancient skill practised in. the past mainly by Oriental people.
Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature
of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents (水流) and waves offer
possible use as a source of energy.
Technology is enabling man to explore (勘探) ever more deeply under the sea. The development of strong,
new materials has made this possible.
The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year 2020 the problems
that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved.
B. minerals and oil
C. warm temperature and ocean currents
D. the food, energy sources, and minerals
B. the sea, in the broad sense, has not yet been developed
C. the problems that prevent us from using the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea have already been solved
D. by the year 2000, the technology will be good enough to exploit all the sea resources
B. Sea Food
C. Technology for Exploiting the Sea
D. Man and the Sea
been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our work force. New machines and new methods have helped
cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher
standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have
cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food available to us, by means
of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span via (通过)
medical technology.
Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends
on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years,
the answer is definitely yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and development, and the
latest statistics (统计) show that the United States is continuing to pump billions of dollars annually (每年) into
such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce resources (稀有资源) we may well find technological
substitutes (代用品) for many of them through our re- search programs.
Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production (land, labor and capital) are all influenced
by technology. When we need new skills, on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology
to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology
responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living.
B. Modern technology.
C. The application of technology.
D. The development of technology.
B. The three major factors of production(land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology.
C. Technology is the response to our needs.
D. The United States is making great efforts to advance its technology.
B. medical technology
C. modern farming machinery
D. technological substitute
The most widespread fallacy (谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused
by viruses (病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold, and it would be reasonable to expect
the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported
being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of
packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕),cold and wet, showed
no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奥斯维辛集中营),
naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
At the Common Cold Research Unit. England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave
themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put
on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be dipped with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty
room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the
volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
In the cold we have nothing to do with catching colds, but why are they more frequent in the winter?
Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists
is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier
for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors (止痛片) such as aspirin,
but all they do is to relieve the symptoms (症状).
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3
B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world
B. never caught colds
C. often caught colds
D. became very strong
before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken
instructions some time before they can speak, though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of
the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will
also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to
considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one
or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since
these can"t be said to show the baby"s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms
of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by
six months they are able to add new words to their store. This selfimitation (模仿) leads on to deliberate (有意
的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point
at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person
means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains
more experience of the world. Thus the use at seven months of "mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be
dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or
anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has
begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this
ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
B. they need different amounts of listening
C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions
D. they can"t understand and obey the adult"s oral instructions
B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C. usually pay close attention to what they hear
D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly
B. an early form of language
C. a sign that he means to tell you something
D. an imitation of the speech of adults
B. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
B. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D. is one that should be completely ignored (忽略) because children"s use of words is often meaningless
by that name can now be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of American"s exports
soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969.
In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. The viewers include more
than half the nation"s pre-school children, from every kind of economic (经济的), racial (种族的), and
geographical group.
Although some educators object to certain elements in the program, parents praise it highly. Many teachers
also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned
from "Sesame Street" are in the same class with children who have not watched the program.
Tests have shown that children from all racial, geographical, and economic backgrounds have benefited
from watching it. Those who watch it five times a week learn more than occasional (偶然的) viewers. In the
US the program is shown at different hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who
can watch it regularly.
The programs all use songs, stories, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers,
letters and human relationships. But there are some differences. For example, the Spanish program, produced
in Mexico City, devotes more time to teaching whole words than to teaching separate letters.
Why has "Sesame Street" been so much more successful than other children"s shows? Many reasons have
been suggested. People mention the educational theories (理论) of its creators, the support by the government
and private (私人的) businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks. Perhaps an equally important
reason is that mothers watch it along with their children, This is partly be- cause famous adult stars often
appear on it. But the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel
able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more.
B. a program for children
C. a program for teachers
D. a program for students
B. will find it a great help
C. will take no interest in their studies
D. will be well educated
B. It makes children feel able to learn.
C. It is shown at different hours during the week.
D. Children learn and enjoy themselves while watching.
B. Because it uses a variety of skillful tricks.
C. Because mothers watch it along with their children.
D. Because it makes every child watching it feel able to learn.
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