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The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that people receive.
The most widespread fallacy(谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp(奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet(湿透)in drafty(通风的)room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other time, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
小题1:The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
A.4B.5C.6D.3
小题2:Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
A.they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B.they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C.they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D.they are coming into touch again with the outside world
小题3:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit probably _______.
A.suffered a lotB.never caught colds
C.often caught coldsD.became very strong
小题4:The passage mainly discusses _______.
A.the experiments on the common cold
B.the fallacy about the common cold
C.the reason and the way people catch colds
D.the continued spread of common colds

答案

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析
根据文中第一段和最后一段可知文章通过实例证明感冒不仅仅是因为着凉。
小题1:细节理解题 从第二段到文章末段共用了五个例子。分别是第二段中的Eskimo人的生活,第二段中的一战,二战集中营,在the Common Cold Research Unit in England中志愿者的例子,以及倒数第二段中提到的实验这五个。所以选B
小题2:细节理解题 根据第二段中“...And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world...”可知只有通过和外界的接触后才会感冒。
小题3:细节理解题 根据第三段中“...volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time...”可知这些志愿者在这个实验中要经历很多。
小题4:主旨大意题 根据文中第一段和最后一段可知文章通过实例证明感冒不仅仅是因为着凉。
核心考点
试题【 The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) th】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三

The day after news broke of a possible revolution in physics ——particles (粒子) moving faster than light ?a scientist leading the European experiment that made the discovery calmly explained it to a standing-room- only crowd at CERN.
The physicist, Dario Auterio, did not try to explain what the results might mean for the laws of physics, let alone the broader world.After an hour of technical talk, he simply said, "Therefore, we present to you today this difference, this unusualness."
But what unusualness it may be.From 2009 through 2011, the massive OPERA detector (探测器)buried in a mountain in Gran Sasso, Italy, recorded subatomic particles called neutrinos ( 中微子) arriving faster than light can move in an empty space.The neutrinos generated at CERN are hardly detectably early.If confirmed, the finding would throw more than a century of physics into disorder.
"If it"s correct, it"s phenomenal." said Rob Plunkett, a scientist at Fermilab, the Department of Energy physics laboratory in Illinois."We"d be looking at a whole new set of rules" for how the universe works.Those rules would bend, or possibly break, Albert Einstein"s special theory of relativity, published in 1905.Basical at the time, the theory tied together space and time, matter and energy, and set a hard limit for the speed of light, later measured to be about 186, 000 miles per second.
No experiment in 106 years had broken that speed limit.Physicists expect strict study to follow, which OPERA and CERN scientists welcomed.
Fermilab operates a similar experiment, called MINOS, that shoots neutrinos from Illinois to an underground detector in Minnesota.In 2007, MINOS discovered a just detectable amount of faster than-light neutrinos, but the permissible difference of error was too big to "mention" , Plunkett said.
Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data, which will take six to eight months.In 2013, the MINOS detector, now offline, will restart after an upgrade.It could then offer confirmation of the results.
小题1:Why are the European scientists not sure about the results of the experiment?
A.Because they are so unexpected.
B.Because the scientists do not believe them.
C.Because the scientists are careful and calm.
D.Because they are against the present law of physics.
小题2:The underlined word " phenomenal" in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning to          .
A.amazingB.attractiveC.embarrassingD.sensitive
小题3:The best title for the passage may be _____.
A.Are the laws of physics in disorder?
B.Particles faster than light; Revolution or mistake?
C.Faster than light measurement: right or wrong?
D.Is Einstein"s theory still right today?
小题4:What may be discussed in the paragraphs to follow?
A.Different opinions about the experiment.
B.How Albert Einstein"s theory developed.
C.The new rules for how the universe works.
D.How Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案

If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius(天才), they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child will understand very well what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are realistic about what they expect their children to do, and are hopeful in a sensible(明智的) way, the child may succeed -especially if the parents are very supportive to their children.
Michael Li is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although his father is a good musician, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling to.
Michael’s friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Both his parents are successful musicians, and they set too high a goal for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win. “When I was your age, I used to win every competition I entered.” Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.
小题1:This passage is mainly about_______.
A.how parents should bring up their children
B.what aim can be easier for a child to achieve
C.how parents should make a child a musician
D.what differences there are between parents
小题2:Michael is fortunate because_______.
A.his parents help him in a practical way
B.he was born in a rich family
C.his father is a successful musician
D.he can do anything he likes
小题3:Winston’s parents set so high a goal for him that_______.
A.he has to do his best to do everything
B.he has made greater progress in music
C.he is afraid he may disappoint them
D.he wants to be a great musician someday

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案

The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., is one of the world’s greatest art museums. Millions of people have entered its doors to see paintings by the world’s fine artists. But if these priceless masterpieces are to be preserved, the Gallery must protect them carefully. The Gallery’s 135-man guard force has successfully prevented them from being stolen, but protecting the paintings from nature is a greater problem.
In past times, the owners of paintings did not protect them from damaging changes in humidity(湿度)and temperature. As a result, the life of these paintings were shortened. In the National Gallery, however, humidity and temperature are carefully controlled. The building is air-conditioned in summer and heated in winter. The air-conditioning and heating system are so important to the life of the painting that the Gallery has two of each system. If one should fail, the extra one can take over.
Light is another enemy of paintings. Ultraviolet rays(紫外线)in light cause paintings to fade(褪色). Long ago, paintings often hung in dark churches and palaces. A coat of varnish(清漆)was a protection from the weak light. But when museums took over the care of many paintings, they were often hung in brighter light than before. Soon they were in danger of fading. The damaging effects of light were increased when the museums removed the varnish coating, yellowed with age.
To protect its paintings, the National Gallery put a special kind of glass in its skylights. This glass allows visible lights to enter the building but it keeps out harmful ultraviolet rays. The Gallery has also developed new and better varnishes which help to keep paintings from fading. Thanks to these new precautions, many of the world’s greatest paintings are being well protected for future generations to enjoy.
小题1:The text mainly tells us about_________________________.
A.the guard force in the National Gallery
B.protecting great paintings from nature
C.priceless paintings of past times
D.the air-conditioning and heating systems in the National Gallery
小题2:Which of the following is NOT an enemy of paintings?
A.Varnish.B.Temperature.C.Light.D.Humidity.
小题3:The underlined word “precautions” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____________.  
A.decorationsB.problemsC.suggestionsD.applications
小题4:From the text we can infer that________________________.
A.great artists painted in dark churches and palaces
B.you can touch these paintings while you are in the National Gallery
C.the care of the world’s greatest paintings is both a big responsibility and a great challenge
D.the guard force in the Gallery has not done a good job

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案

What’s the most important thing for you to have in your life? Somebody mentions hard-work, others suggest knowledge, love and luck.
If you arrange the 26 English letters alphabetically(按字母表的顺序)and use numbers to represent each of them, for example, 1 for a, 2 for b, 3 for c…, you can change an English word into a number. So hard-work becomes 8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11="98," meaning 98 is its mark; knowledge: 11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5="96," while love :12+15+22+5="54," and luck : 12+21+3+11="47," a small mark. None of these words can give one a full mark. What about money or prayer(祈祷)? They can’t , either.
Then what else? Don’t be worried. You can always find an answer to a problem in your life, when you change your way of looking at things or doing things, or your attitude(态度).Yes, attitude is the word. See for yourself: attitude:1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100,a full mark.
Different attitudes lead to different courses of life. Most times people hope for a better life. It is possible that one will have a change for the better after one has changed one’s attitude.
When you change your manner and became friendly towards others, you’ll meet more smiling faces towards you. In the same way, if you take a positive(积极地)attitude towards failure(失败),you’ll find it’s also rewarding though it has caused you losses.
小题1:In the writer’s opinion , what is the most important things in a person’s life?
A.Hard-work.B.Knowledge.C.Money.D.Attitude.
小题2:According to the passage, if you meet with problems, the best way out is to _________.
A.ask for help from othersB.say your prayers to God
C.change your attitudeD.try maths-solving methods
小题3:From the passage we can learn that ______________.
A.diffrent attitudes come from different courses of life.
B.mathematics can solve every problem easily in our daily life
C.failure sometimes can bring you good if you take a positive attitude
D.none of the English words except “attitude” equals to 100 or more

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案

Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. ”I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn’t seem to require any explanation.
We’d just finished John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying?” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am,” I told her, “and the funny thing is I’ve read it many times.”
But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I’ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel’s terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate (命运).
For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school—one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan’s upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.’s.
Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn’t always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “it’s about being a man, it’s about manliness. ”I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck’s writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they’re all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.
Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.
小题1:The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to __________.
A.realize our dreamsB.give support to our life
C.smooth away difficultiesD.awake our emotions
小题2:Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?
A.Because they spent much time reading it.
B.Because they had read the novel before.
C.Because they came from a public school.
D.Because they had similar life experiences.
小题3:The girl left the selective high school possibly because__________.
A.she was a literary-minded girlB.her parents were immigrants
C.she couldn’t fit in with her classD.her father was then in prison
小题4:To the author’s surprise, the students read the novels__________.
A.creativelyB.passivelyC.repeatedlyD.carelessly
小题5:The author writes the passage mainly to__________.
A.introduce classic works of literature
B.advocate teaching literature to touch the heart
C.argue for equality among high school students
D.defend the current testing system

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