题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device"s homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to(易遭受)impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots" conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft"s final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they"re also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft.
Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they"re still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane"s black boxes were never recovered.
小题1:What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?
A.Data for analyzing the cause of the crash. |
B.The total number of passengers on board. |
C.The scene of the crash and extent of the damage. |
D.Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash. |
A.New materials became available by that time. |
B.Too much space was needed for its installation. |
C.The early models often got damaged in the crash. |
D.The early models didn"t provide the needed data. |
A.To distinguish them from the colour of the plane. |
B.To caution people to handle them with care. |
C.To make them easily identifiable. |
D.To obey international standards |
A.There is still a good chance of their being recovered. |
B.There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed. |
C.They have stopped sending homing signals. |
D.They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil. |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
试题分析:本文介绍了记录飞机飞行数据的黑匣子的发展历程和具体信息。
小题1:A 细节题。根据第二段1,2行When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong.说明这个黑匣子里是一些数据,这些数据可以分析飞机坠毁的原因,故A正确。
小题2:C 细节题。根据第三段3,4,5行Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to(易遭受)impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱).说明之前的黑匣子经常会在飞机坠毁中坏掉,现在重新进行设计。故C正确。
小题3:C 细节题。根据第三段最后两行The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.说明人们把黑匣子粉刷成黄色或者橙色是为了容易寻找,故C正确。
小题4:A 推理题。根据文章最后一句n the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane"s black boxes were never recovered.说明这架飞机的黑匣子哈没有找到,不过还是有可能性被找到的,故A正确。
点评:本文属于科普类短文,关于飞机的黑匣子,此类文章的最大的障碍是词汇以及考生对阅读内容的不熟悉,需要考生在阅读的时候有足够的耐心。要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力,根据上下文中出现的同义词,近义词,反义词,以及词义的解释来理解生词。同时要抓住文章的中心,不要受其他信息的影响。要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。
核心考点
试题【You never see them, but they"re with you every time you fly. They record where y】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The breakthrough study conducted by psychologist Professor Ben Bradley, at Charles Sturt University, could completely transform the way child-care centers are set up. In their study, the researchers examined groups of nine-month-old babies in new South Wales and Britain.
And they came across astonishing results—it was found that infants had “social brains” and focused not just on their mothers but on social 1ife in groups as well,
“They communicate with more than one baby at once,and show jealousy and generousness,”said Professor Bradley.
He added,“They develop their own meanings through group interaction,they notice if a group member is behaving differently and they take on roles,such as leaders and followers.”
“A baby who has a depressed mother tends to be withdrawn(内向的),but put that same baby in a group of its peers(同龄人)and they behave and interact like any other baby.”
It was the first all-baby group study ever to be conducted.“Most studies of babies concentrate on the infant-mother relationship,assuming that is the single foundation for mental health.but babies are constantly involved with groups of people other than their mothers:fathers,siblings,grandparents and those taking care.Therefore。the ‘mother-baby approach’ needs to be combined with a‘ group approach’.”said Bradley.
Phoebe Christison ,a child-care worker at Camperdown Sunshine Bubs in Sydney’s inner west.said she often noticed what appeared.to be emotional attachments developed between toddlers.
She said,“Joel(10 months)and Isabella (11months)always like to hold hands when they sit in their high chairs and eat.And babies definitely show jealousy.They push and touch each other,and copy what the other is doing.”
小题1:A baby who has a depressed mother ____ .
A.tends to be a follower |
B.also enjoys group interaction |
C.has poor social ability |
D.pays more attention to its mother |
A.Babies are affected by groups more than by their mothers. |
B.There’s no need of child-care centers at a11. |
C. Adults should include babies when having social activities. |
D.The normal infant-mother bond alone isn’t enough for the good mental health for babies. |
A.adults | B.infants | C.peers | D.groups |
A.is born to be friendly to other babies |
B.has interest in peers as well as in its mother |
C.may have emotional attachments to another baby |
D.shows jealousy and generousness as an adult |
Nowadays, children watch television for long hours. They often spend evenings watching their favorite programs on TV. Sometimes they might stay up late to watch TV. Their addiction to television results in their not having time to play or do exercise. They should go outside with friends or spend time reading books. Moreover, watching television too much is harmful to their eyesight.
Researchers claim that attention deficit disorders in children are a result of watching too much television. They say that watching television leads to a developmental disorder in the part of the brain which is responsible for language skills. Children who watch television more and read less have greater difficulty paying attention and concentrating. Children that spend long hours watching television are more likely to be affected by attention deficit disorders.
Television is one form of media which is used to show all kinds of products. Watching too much television can lead to early exposure to a wide variety of things. Television advertisements may cause children to behave incorrectly or damage themselves. Advertisements about fast food, cold drinks or other such products that are not good for children’s health can have a bad effect on them. Some TV shows and films also affect how children think and behave.
Studies in psychology have shown that certain programs can have a long-lasting effect on children’s minds. Horror scenes and other frightening shows can have a negative effect on the minds of children watching them.
Television is a means of recreation but watching it too often is harmful to children’s physical and mental health. You need to help you children deep a balance of everything in life.
小题1:The underlined word “deficit ” in the third paragraph most probably means _____.
A.need | B.habit | C.fear | D.lack |
A.decide on when children can watch television |
B.give children more time to play |
C.help you children balance everyday life |
D.stop you children from watching TV |
A.The bad effects watching TV has on children. |
B.How many hours children should spend watching TV. |
C.How advertisements affect children’s behavior. |
D.What scenes children should not watch on TV. |
a. causing children to have less time to read good books.
b. making children behave improperly
c. harming children’s eyesight
d. affecting the parent-child relationship
A.a, b, d | B.b, c, d | C.a, b, c | D.a, c, d |
Too many people wander through life like sleepwalkers. Each day they follow familiar routines, never asking, "What am I doing with my life?"and they don't know what they're doing because they lack goals.
Goal-setting is a focus of the will to move in a certain direction. Begin with a clear conception of what you want. Write down your goals and date them---putting them into words clarifies them. Rather than concentrating on objects to acquire and possess, focus on fulfilling your desires to do, to produce, to contribute to goal-setting that yields the true sense of satisfaction we all need.
It’s important to visualize(想象)yourself accomplishing your goal. While losers visualize the penalties(不利) of failure, winners visualize the rewards of success. I’ve seen it among athletes, statistics contrasting air and highway safety, but it made no difference. I had read too many articles describing crash scenes and imagined these scenes vividly. I had programmed myself, without realizing it ,to stay off planes.
Then one summer I had the opportunity to fly on a private plane with friends to a resort; I didn’t want to miss out on a great vacation. So I spent two weeks imagining a smooth flight on a beautiful sunny day and an easy landing.
When the day arrived, I was eager to go . To everyone's surprise, I got on the plane and I loved every minute of it , and I still use the techniques I employed that day.
小题1:According to the passage, if you want to be successful ,the first thing for you to do is to .
A.find the right methods | B.be careful about everything |
C.know your ability | D.have a clear goal |
A.he didn’t know air travel is safer than highway travel |
B.he couldn’t imagine himself accomplishing his goal |
C.he read too much about plane crashes and tried to avoid flying |
D.he wanted to take a private plane instead of a public one |
A.Defining Your Goal | B.Visualizing Reward of Success |
C.Overcoming the Fear of Air Travel | D.Sleepwalking Through life |
Sonny opened his eyes wide, “Do you mean next time when I’m entering for the 60-metre race I should wish that Billy, Tony and Sandy would all fall asleep halfway?”
I was shocked, “But the tortoise didn’t wish that the hare would fall asleep!”
“He must have wished that,” Sonny said, “Otherwise how could he be so foolish as to race with the hare? He knew very well the hare ran a hundred times faster than he himself did.”
“He didn’t have such a wish,” I insisted. “He won the race by perseverance (坚忍不拔的), by pushing on steadily.”
Sonny thought a while. “That’s a lie,” he said. “He won it because he was lucky. If the hare hadn’t happened to fall asleep, the tortoise would never have won the race. He could be as steady as you like, or a hundred times steadier, but he’d never have won the race. That’s for sure.”
I gave up. Today’s children are not like what we used to be. They’re just hopeless.
小题1:The writer argued (辩论)with his son because ______________.
A.he liked tortoises while his son liked hares |
B.they disagreed about whether the tortoise was foolish |
C.he tried to teach his son a moral (品德) lesson but the son had totally different opinion |
D.he liked the story of the hare and the tortoise while his son didn’t. |
A.won the race by his own hard working |
B.took a risk (冒险) by agreeing to run a race |
C.was not given a fair chance in the race |
D.in fact did win the race luckily |
A.boys who were unknown to Sonny’s father |
B.boys who Sonny has run races with before |
C.boys who Sonny has never raced with before |
D.boys who Sonny did not expect to race with again |
A.are cleverer than Sonny’s generation |
B.have the same ideas about life as Sonny’s generation |
C.are more hopeful than Sonny’s generation |
D.have different ideas about life from Sonny’s generation |
A.The tortoise | B.Sonny |
C.The hare | D.Sonny’s father |
“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”,said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU.“The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS).Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.
“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”
His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体).Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.
“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”
Together with J.David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery.In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials.Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.
小题1:Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.
A.to show chemical batteries are widely applied. |
B.to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used. |
C.to describe a nuclear-powered system. |
D.to introduce various energy sources. |
A.uses a solid semiconductor | B.will soon replace the present ones. |
C.could be extremely thin | D.has passed the final test. |
A.science news report | B.book review |
C.newspaper ad | D.science fiction |
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