题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
For centuries, magicians have used various ways to shock the audience. We all have seen how a 36 performer carefully steps 37 a bed of burning coals -- barefoot. Then he walks across 38 a single burn on his feet. Is it mind over matter, or is it just physics? As it turns __39 , walking on burning coals isn’t that hot as 40 . “The coals are hot enough to 41__ you, but if you walk quickly across them you 42 being burned.” says Jonathan Hall, a physician at Penn State University in Eric Pennsylvania.
That’s because some coals are made 43 burning wood chips. Wood has two 44__ properties（特性）for fire-walking, explains Hall. First, wood is an insulator（绝缘体）--it doesn’t __45 heat very well. “It 46 _ time for heat to travel 47 the wood to your feet.” Hall says. If the performer walked across red-hot metal 48 , that would truly be 49 , because metal conducts, or transmits, heat very well. The metal would 50 burn a performer’s feet.
Second, wood has a low specific heat-- it doesn’t take much heat to 51 its temperature. Heat is a form of 52 . Temperature is a 53 of heat, in units of degrees. So 54 the coals are hot, the value（数值）of heat energy they contain is low. Thus, a well-trained performer can 55 such an amazing result.
Still, you don’t want to walk on burning coals, do you?
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:B
小题6:B
小题7:D
小题8:B
小题9:A
小题10:A
小题11:B
小题12:A
小题13:B
小题14:B
小题15:A
小题16:B
小题17:C
小题18:A
小题19:D
小题20:A
解析
试题分析：【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了魔法师的表演者为什么能走过火红的煤炭。原因有两个：一、煤炭是由小木块构成的，木头是热的不良导体；二、煤炭的能量不足够高，所以温度不会太高。快速走过不受伤害是可能的。
小题1:A考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。此处daring勇敢的； dare敢； rough粗糙的；fearful害怕的。我们都看见过一位勇敢的（daring）表演者小心地光着脚在燃烧的煤炭上走。
小题2:C考查介词的用法。此处at在……点上；over跨越……之上；on在……上面； above在……上方。我们都看见过一位勇敢的表演者小心地光着脚在燃烧的煤炭上（on）走。
小题3:C考查介词的用法。此处with拥有；within在……之内；without没有； over在……之上。他走过燃烧的煤炭但他的脚上没有（without）一点烫伤。
小题4:A考查副词的用法。此处turn out意为：结果……。结果是，在燃烧的煤炭上行走没有它被想象的那么热。
小题5:B考查非谓语动词的用法。此处相当于walking on burning coals isn’t that hot as it is imagined. 结果是，在燃烧的煤炭上行走没有它被想象的那么热。故选B。
小题6:B考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。此处fire点火；burn燃烧；light点燃；flame火焰。煤炭热的足以把你烧死（burn）。
小题7:D考查动词词义辨析。此处prevent阻止； keep保持；ignore忽视； avoid避免。如果你足够快地走过，你就会不被烧着。
小题8:B考查介词及短语的用法。 此处be made of意为：由……组成。那是因为煤炭是有燃烧的木块构成。木头有两个理想的特征能使人在上面走过。
小题9:A考查形容词词义辨析。此处ideal理想的；classic经典的； favorite 最喜欢的；standard标准的。那是因为煤炭是有燃烧的木块构成。木头有两个理想的（ideal）特征能使人在上面走过。
小题10:A考查动词词义辨析。此处transmit传导；communicate交流； bring 带来； send送递。木头是绝缘体，它不能很好地传递热量。
小题11:B考查动词词义辨析。此处gathers聚集； takes花费时间； gains获得；stands忍受。木头需要时间把热量从木头传到你的脚上。
小题12:A考查介词的用法。此处through穿过； into进入；over跨越；pass通过。木头需要时间把热量从木头传到你的脚上。
小题13:B考查形容词词义辨析。此处unhappy不高兴的；unharmed不受伤害的； unhealthy不健康的； unprepared无准备的。如果表演者走过红热的金属而不受伤害（unharmed），那是真正的魔力。因为金属导热快，金属会很快地灼伤表演者的脚。
小题14:B考查形容词词义辨析。此处charming迷人的； magical有魔力的； tricky耍把戏的； fashionable时尚的。如果表演者走过红热的金属而不受伤害，那是真正的魔力（magical）。因为金属导热快，金属会很快地灼伤表演者的脚。
小题15:A考查副词词义辨析。此处instantly迅速地； constantly不断地； frequently频繁地；lately最近。如果表演者走过红热的金属而不受伤害，那是真正的魔力。因为金属导热快，金属会很快地（instantly）灼伤表演者的脚。
小题16:B考查动词词义辨析。此处produce产生； raise提升；提高； construct建设；create创造。木头拥有特殊的热量，他不需要很多热量提高（raise）温度。
小题17:C考查名词词义辨析及常识。此处power权利，电力；source资源； energy能量； strength力量。热量是能量的一种形式。温度是热量的衡量标准以度来计量。
小题18:A考查名词词义辨析及常识。此处measure量度；rank等级；estimate估计； rate比率。热量是能量的一种形式。温度是热量的衡量标准以度来计量。
小题19:D考查状语从句的连接词。此处what if要是；however然而；as if 好像； even though即使。所以即使煤炭是热的，但它含有的热量也是低的。所以受过良好训练的表演者能实现令人惊讶的结果。
小题20:A考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。此处achieve实现；arrive到达；draw画；take拿，花费。所以即使煤炭是热的，但它含有的热量也是低的。所以受过良好训练的表演者能实现（achieve）令人惊讶的结果。
核心考点
试题【阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。For centuries, magicia】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Shadow Ridge Summer Camps offer so many exciting things for campers to do. Unlike other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program, at Shadow Ridge horses ARE the program ! We are 100% horse from stable（马厩）management, nature walks, and track rides to bedroom furnishings.
Horses help us achieve many of our aims. Girls can learn to develop responsibility, self-confidence and personal connections in their lives while having fun. Using horses as a wonderful tool for education, our camps offer an interesting place for growth and learning:
Imagine each girl having her very own horse to spend time with and a best friend to love and take care of. Each camper is responsible for a horse for the week. Our riding program provides a lot of riding and lesson time. Campers will learn how to take care of the horse and the tack（马具）, as well as how to ride. Days are filled with horse-related activities to strengthen the connection between each girl and horse, as the girls learn to work safely around the horses.
At Shadow Ridge we try to create a loving, caring family atmosphere for our campers. We have “The Bunkhouse”（4 girls）, the “Wranglers Roost”（4 girls）, and “The Hideout”（2 girls）in our comfortable 177-year-old farm house. All meals are home cooked, offering delicious and healthy food for the hungry rider.
Our excellent activities create personalized memories of your child’s vacation. Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album （usually 300-500 pictures） of their stay at camp.
Our camps are offered during June, July and August 2013, for small groups of girls aged13-16 years, not only from Canada but also other parts of the world.
We will send you full program descriptions at your request.
小题1:What is the main purpose of the passage?
| A．To attract people to the camps. |
| B．To talk about camping experiences. |
| C．To describe the programs of the camps. |
| D．To explain the aims of the camps. |
| A．Campers are required to wear camp T-shirts. |
| B．Horses play a central role in the activities. |
| C．Campers learn to cook food for themselves. |
| D．Horse lessons are offered all the year round. |
| A．understand horses better | B．enjoy a family atmosphere |
| C．have fun above other things | D．achieve an educational purpose |
| A．horse riders | B．teenage girls |
| C．Canadian parents | D．international travelers |
Now I am sure that you know which schools are considered the best in the country. So I will tell you about which states I believe are the best to live in.
California is a nice state. Northern California specifically has very good weather. Los Angeles in southern California is another story, though. Life in LA is full of excitement and fast, and sometimes dangerous. As for me, I enjoyed the time I spent in Massachusetts, Virginia and Maryland and these states have a lot of history and culture. The weather is not as perfect as Northern California, but it is still quite nice. My favorite area of America is the Mid-west. Middle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values. In addition, there are many good universities there.
Also, you need to think about your likes and dislikes and then research the various states. You like sunshine and hate snow? Then you probably won’t like the Midwest or even the Northeast. Open space, nature and peace? Then you probably should stay away from America’s large cities. Are you interested in government? Then Washington D. C. is the only place for you. Whatever you decide, put some thought into it. The place you live in could be the difference between a great study-abroad experience and a state of great suffering on earth.
小题1:What, according to the author, should be considered first if you want to study in the USA?
| A．The climate | B．The scenery |
| C．The study condition | D．The living condition |
| A．California is the best place to live in. |
| B．California is the worst place to live in. |
| C．California is a state with the largest city. |
| D．California is a state with different climates. |
| A．find the best universities |
| B．feel the real character of the nation |
| C．meet the most famous professors there |
| D．face more difficulties |
A.All American famous universities lie in nice places.
B. Los Angeles is the most dangerous city in the USA.
C. Washington D.C. is the political centre of the USA.
D. It is always raining in the Midwest of the USA.
To break down the energy requirements, researchers found that producing the plastic bottles and transporting the bottles greatly dominated(控制) the energy input. Although some companies are experimenting with producing lightweight bottles or using recycled materials, the researchers calculated that the manufacturing cost is about 4 million joules of energy per plastic bottle weighing 38 grams, and the cap weighing 2 grams.
“Our previous work had suggested that bottled water production was an energy intensive process, but we were surprised to see the results, ” the researchers said.
Transportation costs vary depending on the distance and mode of transport and both factors depend on the type of bottled water. There are two main kinds of bottled water in the US:” spring water” which comes from an underground spring and “purified water”,which is city tap water that has received further treatment. For purified water distributed locally by truck within Los Angeles, the total transportation energy is about 1.4 million joules per liter. In the second situation, spring water shipped from Fiji (such as Fiji Spring Water) across the Pacific to Los Angeles, and then delivered locally by truck requires about 4 million joules per liter for transportation. For the spring water, the transportation energy equaled (in the case of Fiji) the energy required to produce the bottle.
With this data, the researchers hope that future studies will have the ability to make specific estimates for different situations, and possibly find ways to cut energy costs.
小题1:From the first Paragraph we can know that the energy required to ______.
| A．produce bottled water includes the energy required to drink it |
| B．distribute bottled water includes the energy for producing the bottles |
| C．distribute bottled water is much smaller than the energy for treating it |
| D．produce bottled water is much smaller than the energy for producing tap water |
| A．to fill tap water into the plastic bottles directly |
| B．to replace the plastic bottles with metal containers |
| C．to produce lightweight bottles with recycled materials |
| D．to use bicycles to transport and deliver bottled water locally |
| A．Treatment of bottled water needs no energy input at all. |
| B．Bottled water production is an energy intensive process. |
| C．Transportation of bottled water takes up the most energy input. |
| D．Production of the plastic bottles greatly dominated the energy input. |
| A．there are two main kinds of bottled water in the US |
| B．world consumption of bottled water has been increasing |
| C．transportation costs have something to do with the mode of transport |
| D．bottled water produced in Spring is more expensive than purified water |
| A．To help consumers themselves make more environmentally sustainable choices. |
| B．To advise the government to take severe measures to stop producing bottled water. |
| C．To urge the consumers to drink tap water instead of bottled water for the sake of the earth. |
| D．To try the best to find ways to produce bottled water cheaply and quickly for the companies. |
Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants （好战分子）．At a hearing，a Senate．committee listened to testimony（证词） against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company．One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified（辩护） to spare animals’ lives；he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end．
Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically（伦理道德地）preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives．But for the sake of people and animals alike，the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support．
In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（监督机构）have yet to catch up．In both the European Union and the U．S．，scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals．Thus，animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation（确认）of new methods so that they can be more widely employed．And animal advocates（保护者） who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical（药品的） companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research．
小题1:_____ plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing．
| A．Huntingdon Life Sciences | B．Improvement in technologies |
| C．Animal-fights militants | D．Scientists Alan and Thomas |
| A．animals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testing |
| B．animals should enjoy equal rights with human beings |
| C．animals should live wildly and freely |
| D．we should protect animals from being killed casually |
| A．the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptly |
| B．animal substitutes are not preferable |
| C．supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testing |
| D．only Huntingdon Life Sciences is accused |
| A．Saving animals and people． |
| B．The new trend in toxicology testing |
| C．The use of animals in testing is against human nature |
| D．New technology changes the fate of animals |
| A．arbitrary（武断的，随意的） | B．pessimistic |
| C．indifferent（不关心的 ） | D．optimistic |
Julie Astonis ,an Australian housewife in Brisbane is one such example, Even though autumn is approaching Australia’s Brisbane in April, one can still watch colorful blooming （盛开的）flowers in Julie’s little garden, as she tells that in her community, “Each of us has a beautiful yard, The whole community, from children to elderly people, takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden.”
“Gardening is the most popular club in our community,”she says, “A lot of retired people don’t just regularly organize gardening lectures, but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training , So you can see that flowers continue to bols-som in our gardens throughout the year.”
Talking about her people’s sense of care for the environment, Julie says when people in the community take along their dog, they always carry a garbage bag to deal with the dog’s waste, “In our community ,you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass,”says Julie with a smile,“Taking care of the dog’s waste can also help to develop children’s sense of responsibility!”
As to protecting water resources , the Australian government has made strict rules for families, Julie says, “We certainly would not use tap water to water the flowers!”She ways almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater, which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use, connect the water tank with their toilets.
小题1:From the first three paragraphs we learn that .
| A．gardening is popular in most part of Australia |
| B．April is a great time for people to enjoy flowers |
| C．it’s not easy to keep a garden without proper training |
| D．Julie’s community has a deep sense of caring for nature |
| A．She takes pride in her community. |
| B．She once stepped on a dog’s waste. |
| C．She is quite in favor of raising a dog. |
| D．She finds it embarrassing to walk on the grass. |
| A．rainwater is not the best resource |
| B．her community owns a public tank |
| C．her community makes full use of resources |
| D．it is not necessary to water flowers very often |
| A．Two | B．Three | C．Four | D．Five |
| A．Love nature, the Australian way | B．How Australians save resources |
| C．How Australians lead their life | D．Protect nature, a must of life |
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