题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows,a couple who are both psychologists,discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature,the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However,if the wire model was heated,while the cloth model was cool,for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire?Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer,and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins,putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened,disturbed,or annoyed,it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub” as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows,the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother,the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom,the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of contact comfort,it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys,but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”.
小题1:Psychologically,what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A.Warmth. | B.Milk. |
C.Contact. | D.Trust. |
A.larger in size |
B.closer to them |
C.less frightening and less disturbing |
D.more comfortable to rub against |
A.Attention. | B.Softness. |
C.Confidence. | D.Interest. |
A.it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys |
B.it spends more time screaming to get rewards |
C.it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting |
D.it cares less about whether its mother is still around |
A.give the reasons for the experiment |
B.present the findings of the experiment |
C.introduce the method of the experiment |
D.describe the process of the experiment |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:B
解析
小题1:解析:选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句“During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing...”可知,出生后的前两周里,幼猴心理上最需要的是温暖,故A项正确。
小题2:解析:选D。细节理解题。第三段中的第一句“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire?”是本段的主题句。整个段落解释了“为什么出生两周后的猴子更喜欢布妈妈”。根据第三段的第二句“Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer...”可知,布妈妈接触起来更舒适,所以选D项。
小题3:解析:选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句“Prolonged(长时间的)‘contact comfort’with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence...”可知,长时间与布妈妈接触会给幼猴信心。
小题4:解析:选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的叙述可知,幼猴来到陌生的环境会感到害怕,会寻找妈妈的怀抱,但是只要有了安全感,它就会开心地玩玩具,不那么在意妈妈是否在身边了。故D项正确。
小题5:解析:选B。主旨大意题。通读文章可知,本文旨在告诉读者实验中关于幼猴对妈妈依赖的发现。
核心考点
试题【(2013·高考浙江卷,C)The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human bab】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
“ I’d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m.and going to the bar and wanted to see what was open,”said Walter Choo,40,of Fort Greene.
The smartphonelike glasses will likely come out this year and cost between $250 and $600,the Times said,possibly including a variation of augmented(增强的) reality,a technology already available on smartphones and tablets (平板电脑) that overlays information onto the screen about one’s surroundings.So,for example,if you were walking down a street,indicators would pop_up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.
“As far as a mainstream consumer product,this just isn’t something anybody needs,”said Sam Biddle,who writes for Gizmodo.com.“ We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things,”he added,“and the average consumer isn’t gonna be able to afford another device (装置) that’s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.”
9to5Google publisher Seth Weintraub,who has been reporting on the smartphonelike glasses since late last year,said he is confident that this type of wearable device will eventually be as common as smartphones.
“It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago,”Weintraub said.“A few people started getting emails on their phones,and people thought that was crazy.Same kind of thing.We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones,and it’s unnatural,”he said.“ There’s gonna be improvements to that,and this a step there.”
小题1:One of the possible functions of the smartphonelike glasses is to ________.
A.program the opening hours of a bar |
B.supply you with a picture of the future |
C.provide information about your surroundings |
D.update the maps and GPS in your smartphones |
A.develop rapidly |
B.get round quickly |
C.appear immediately |
D.go over automatically |
A.necessary for teenagers |
B.attractive to New Yorkers |
C.available to people worldwide |
D.expensive for average consumers |
A.may have a potential market |
B.are as common as smartphones |
C.are popular among young adults |
D.will be improved by a new technology |
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺).Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall,but in any case,good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference,too.In the United States,a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live,but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with,use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
小题1:Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?
A.Using river water. |
B.Throwing batteries away. |
C.Paving parking lots. |
D.Throwing rubbish into lakes. |
A.All water shortages are due to human behavior. |
B.It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs. |
C.There is much we can do to reduce family size. |
D.The average family in America makes proper use of water. |
A.show us how to fix leaks at home |
B.tell us how to run a dishwasher |
C.prove what drinking glass is best for us |
D.suggest what we do to save water at home |
A.Why paving roads reduces our water |
B.how much we depend on water to live |
C.why droughts occur more in dry climates |
D.how human activity affects our water supply |
If the CRF seems to be a smart idea,that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony.That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored (味道) chocolates.
The CRF’s produce is “green ”,made within the country and divided into 10 lines,with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Series-with Sichuan pepper,red bean (豆),cheese and other flavors-also does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate_snobs,who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others,the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo,Cuba,Venezuela,and Ghana,among others.
小题1:What is good about chocolate?
A.It serves as a suitable gift. |
B.It works as an effective medicine. |
C.It helps improve the state of mind. |
D.It strengthens business relations. |
A.He knows the importance of research. |
B.He learns from shops of similar types. |
C.He has the support of many big names |
D.He has a lot of marketing experience. |
A.The Connoisseur Series. |
B.The Exotic Series. |
C.The Alcohol Series. |
D.The Sichuan Series. |
A.are particular about chocolate |
B.know little about cocoa beans |
C.look down upon others |
D.like to try new flavors |
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies,compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event,depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said:“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said,“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see-and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship,the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,”Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced,we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
小题1:What is the finding of the study?
A.One’s heart affects how he feels fear. |
B.Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat. |
C.Fear has something to do with one’s health. |
D.One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear. |
A.volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures |
B.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions |
C.volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans |
D.different pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication |
A.Order. | B.System. |
C.Machine. | D.Treatment. |
A.treating anxiety and stress better |
B.explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety |
C.finding the key to the heartbrain communication |
D.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads |
One way to improve your mood is____.Psychologically,it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life.Also,in the process,you may aim for____goals,like a new personal running record or a better body shape.The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your____.That is why exercise has been shown to____your selfrespect.
You do not have to train yourself____to feel the psychological benefits of exercise.What really matters is____,not intensity(强度)of your exercise.You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.
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