题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
I found the description in the 2003 book When Smoke Ran like Water,by epidemiologist(流行病学家)and environmental advocator(倡导者)Devra Davis.In it,Davis looks back at several historic pollution events and their disastrous effect on human human health-and at how these phenomena were often Ignored or even actively covered up by then people in charge at that time.
As Davis points out,John Evelyn was ahead of his time when writing about how London’s polluted air affected the well-being of its residents.It wasn’t until nearly 300 years later,after what became well-known as the Great Smog of 1952,that the government began to address the problem in a systematic way.
For four days.Between December 5th“and 9th“,due to all accident of the weather pattern,the city was buried in a heavy fog .People were still burning coal for fuel,and low-grade coal at that time, because 0f wartime condition.A temperature inversion(转向)trapped the smoke from the city’s fires, creating a black cloud in which people could barely find their way down the most familiar streets
Some tried to protect themselves,but most people simply went about their business. But l952’s fog was far worse than any other in memory.In the same week of the previous year, 1852 people had died in London;inl952,that number was 4703 And the deaths didn’t stop when the weather changed and the fog lifted.Davis and her colleagues analyzed data from the next several months and found that about 13000 more people died between December and March than one would have predicted from historical averages Many of them died of pneumonia(肺炎).The government,she writes.Tried to blame a bad flu season.Her detailed analysis found that explanation simply did
not pan out.
Davis writes that even today in this country ,we still have not completely absorbed the lessons of similar events.Sixty years the killer fog lifted in London,people are dying preventable deaths and suffering life.changing illnesses,simply because they must breathe the air of the cities where they live
小题1:The passage is written to
A.warn people of the danger from air pollution |
B.introduce London’s Great Smog of l952 |
C.blame the government for the smog |
D.explain the reasons for air pollution |
A.imaginary | B.adventurous | C.unbelievable | D.annoying |
A.people burned wood for fuel |
B.a forest fire created a black cloud over the city |
C.the government ignored the smog |
D.most people went abouttheirbusine00 |
A. lndifferent B Concerned C.Hopeless.D. Panic
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:B
解析
试题分析:雾霾天气越来越严重的今天,在过去就已经出现了。早在上世纪就有学者指出工业化带来的空气污染的危害并著书说明。然而不幸的事还是发生了,最有代表性的就是1852年的伦敦毒烟雾事件。事实已经表明,治理空气污染已经刻不容缓。
小题1:主旨大意题。 全文讲了空气污染对人们生活健康的危害,并有事实事例和学者观点加以证明,所以是在警告我们空气污染的危害性。故选A。
小题2:词义猜测题 。结合上下文可知书中描述了一个充满烟雾的世界,然人觉得如地狱般。imaginary虚构的;adventurous 爱冒险的; unbelievable难以置信的;annoying恼人的,讨厌的。故选D。
小题3:细节理解题。由 “The government,she writes.Tried to blame a bad flu season.Her detailed analysis found that explanation simply did not pan out.”可知,政府讲责任推卸给糟糕的流感季节而没有深入研究原因导致了事件的一再延续。故选C。
小题4:细节理解题。由“Sixty years the killer fog lifted in London,people are dying preventable deaths and suffering life.”可知,作者对于伦敦的空气质量现状是“关心的”indifferent 漠不关心的; Concerned 关切的;Hopeless充满希望的;Panic疼痛的 。故选B。
核心考点
试题【Way back in 1662,John Evelyn,a brilliant Englishman known for his detailed diari】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
·The best way to start growing strawberries is to buy pot-grown strawberry plants m spring:5plants are plenty for a hanging basket and 10 for the average 13 inch-sized pot.
·Plant them immediately in soil-based compost(混合肥料) and they will produce a modest crop in their first year.The second year should see a bumper(特大的)crop,followed by a slightly lower yield(产量)the third summer .Then start again with fresh stock
·Careful watering and feeding are essential Ifyou are to harvest a good crop,you must never
let the compost dry out,particularly when the fruit is forming and ripening;if you do.most of your
crop will drop off血e bush almost immediately.
·Water well then leave the pots for up to 3 weeks,until they reach the point of drying out Be
Careful not to overwater them during the winter months.
Pruning apple trees
·A one-year-old tree is known as a “maiden”. It has a single stem when purchased. Immediately after planting, cut it back by about half to leave 4 good buds at the base of the stem.. This will force growth from the base or the plant during the summer.
·In the second year ,prune in winter by cutting all side branches back by about one-third, Make sure each cut is made cleanly just above an outward-facing bud. In the third and fourth years, new side branches will have emerged from the previous year’s growth. Cut back all these new side branches by a third, pruning to an outward-facing bud.
·By the fifth year the tree should have a well-balanced shape. From then on ,cut back all new branches by one-third in winter .Remove any diseased wood and broken branches, and ensure the centre is open to air circulation
小题1:The two pieces of advice probably appear in
A.a scientific repot | B.a gardening guide | C.a book review | D.a fashion column |
A.the size of a pot | B.the season of harvesting |
C.the number of plants in a pot | D.careful watering and feeding |
A.remove the diseased and broken branches |
B.keep the whole tree open to air circulation |
C.force the apple tree to grow from the base in winter |
D.help the apple tree to form a well-balanced shape |
A.season | B.water | C.compost | D.cutting |
Teachers love school uniforms because it helps provide an orderly learning environment. Having students dressed in uniforms may teach them how to present themselves in a neat and professional manner. It gives students the opportunity to learn how to dress like young ladies and gentleman. And they can focus their attention on academics rather than style.
Purchasing (购买) school uniforms is easy and needs less hesitation and consideration. No matter what the school’s policy is, there are only specific essential (基本的) pieces to the wardrobe (服装) that are necessary, so it won’t break the bank. A few wardrobe items can last a long time. Parents could also enjoy an easy morning, as it will take less time to choose a set of clothes for the school day.
Students wearing uniforms will feel less pressure about what to wear or not to wear when their classmates are dressed similarly. Getting dressed before school becomes less of a chore(琐事) when students are limited in their choices, so there shouldn’t be any trouble about choosing an outfit for the day and getting ready quickly. Some students may not like the lack of individuality(个性) with a uniform, but some school dress code policies may offer them the opportunities to show their unique styles.
Uniforms today are also becoming trendier and can be seen in many areas of pop culture. Celebrities(名人)and fashion designers are using uniforms as inspiration for new looks which also appeal to students.
小题1:What would be the best title for the text?
A.How to dress properly. |
B.The history of school uniforms. |
C.The advantages of school uniforms. |
D.How to deal with pressure in school. |
A.is just a tradition that students should follow |
B.makes students feel less pressure in study |
C.helps students put more effort into their studies |
D.makes students lose their independence and identity |
A.a school uniform doesn’t cost a lot of money |
B.a school uniform should be worn every day |
C.parents will have to go to the bank many times |
D.parents who work in a bank can afford the uniform |
A.are not popular with fashion designers |
B.were not accepted by parents in the past |
C.will be designed by students themselves |
D.will be more fashionable in the future |
A.negative | B.supportive | C.doubtful | D.unclear |
The scientists argue that failure to control greenhouse gas emissions will have a greater effect on marine ecosystems than previously thought. Previous research has suggested that changing ocean temperatures would affect both the distribution and the reproductive abilities of many species of fish. This new work suggests that fish size would also be heavily affected.
The researchers built a model to see how fish would react to lower levels of oxygen in the water. As ocean temperatures increase, so do the body temperatures of fish. But, according to lead author, Dr William Cheung, from the University of British Columbia, the lower level of oxygen in the water is key. Warmer waters could decrease ocean oxygen levels and greatly reduce fish body weight. On the other hand, rising temperatures directly increase the metabolic rate of the fish"s body function. This leads to an increase in oxygen demand for normal body activities. So the fish will run out of oxygen for growth at a smaller body size.
The research team also used its model to predict fish movements as a result of warming waters. The group believes that most fish populations will move towards the Earth"s poles at a rate of up to 35km per decade. "So in, say, the North Sea," says Dr Cheung," one would expect to see more smaller-body fish from tropical waters in the future."
Taking these factors into consideration, the research team concludes that fish body size will shrink between 14% and 24%, with the largest decreases in the Indian and Atlantic oceans.
When compared with actual observations of fish sizes, the model seems to underestimate what"s actually happening in the seas. The researchers looked at two case studies involving North Atlantic cod and haddock. They found that recorded data on these fish showed greater decreases in body size than the models had predicted.
Dr Alan Baudron, from the University of Aberdeen, UK, believes smaller-sized fish could seriously affect the ability of fish to reproduce. "Smaller fish produce fewer and smaller eggs which could affect the reproductive potential of fish stocks," he said.
小题1:What"s the main idea of the passage?
A.Global warming makes fish smaller. |
B.Global warming makes fish decrease in numbers. |
C.Global warming affects the fish distribution. |
D.Global warming affects the ability of fish to reproduce. |
A.The rising body temperatures. |
B.The lower level of oxygen in the water. |
C.The increasing metabolic rate. |
D.The normal body activities. |
A.more big fish will be born in the sea |
B.fish tend to swim towards the shore |
C.fish tend to move towards the warm areas |
D.fish tend to move towards the colder areas |
A.make an exact prediction of | B.make too low an estimate of |
C.make too high an estimate of | D.make a careful study of |
One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C., not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name. Nevertheless, the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous contributions, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics (道德). Among other things, it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship.
Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived(源自于)from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this classic thesis, On Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air and food. Interesting enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.
小题1:The topic of the first paragraph is summarized in ________.
A.the first sentence of the paragraph |
B.the second sentence of the paragraph |
C.the third sentence of the paragraph |
D.the last sentence of the paragraph |
A.Because magic was an inseparable part of their life. |
B.Because they had little knowledge about the functioning of the body. |
C.Because the diseases were caused by the evil spirits. |
D.Because magic must be used in going through the rituals to drive out the evil spirits. |
A.he was the forefather of modern medicine |
B.experts are sure that the books bearing his name were not written by him |
C.he had a rational mind aided by supernatural instincts |
D.experts do not know much about him except when and where he lived |
A.helping patients |
B.keeping oneself from harming patients |
C.keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients |
D.obeying rules for modern medicine practice |
A.Doctor’s concerns remain unchanged. |
B.Medicine comes from nature. |
C.Environment affects health. |
D.Climate determines lifestyle. |
Katharine Collins, a second-year college student
The course has been very interesting, but I was expecting a little more one-to-one time with my teacher.
We do about four assignments (作业) each term, each of which is about 3,000 words.However, sometimes they are not that helpful.We hope to be given the right to write feedback (反馈) after every assignment, but we had no feedback at all throughout the first year.We are given grades about three weeks after we hand the assignments in.There is no feedback on where we have gone wrong or how we might improve.
Lee Millington, a creative-writing student
I choose the courses because of its reputation.There is a lack of one-to-one teaching.I would like personalized feedback from an expert in my field of writing.Some of the lectures have been quite helpful but they try to use too many different styles of writing.For example, if you want to be a poet, you might find that the lectures focus too much on novels.
I think there is too much attention paid to sharing our work in workshops and giving each other feedback.I think there should be more time given to actual teaching, rather than to feedback from people who are at a similar level to me.
Reporters from Hounsdown Secondary School, Ella, 16
When I work independently, I feel I have more freedom to develop my ideas and come up with more original viewpoints.The price of university will still be worth it to get the qualifications (资格证书)necessary for better jobs.
Tyier, 16
Although the cost of university is very high now, I think university is required for gaining a good and well-paid job.
Agencies
小题1:We can learn from the beginning of the article that .
A.Most of the university students at UK are dissatisfied with their courses. |
B.The higher and higher pay for their courses accounts for the rise of the UK students’ dissatisfaction. |
C.All the students at UK universities hold a similar attitude towards the value of getting university degrees. |
D.The student’s purpose is to highlight the importance of gaining a university diploma. |
A.She is content with the assignments given in each term. |
B.She has never been given one-to-one time with her teacher before. |
C.She didn’t think highly of the value of the assignments at the university. |
D.She benefits from the assignments a lot because they are helpful. |
A.Because he wants to be a great writer in the future. |
B.Because he is interested in it from his heart. |
C.Because he hope to make a better living before long. |
D.Because the course has a high reputation in society. |
A.Ella. | B.Tyler. | C.Lee. | D.Katharine. |
A.The value for university degrees. |
B.The higher pay for courses at university. |
C.The terrible assignments at university. |
D.The puzzle of the students at university. |
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