题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions.Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade.Scientists predict that with climate warming,fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season.Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming,while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.
This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate.Earlier studies by other scientists had suggested that fires in northern regions sped up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants were released into the atmosphere and thus trapped heat.
Scientists found that right after the fire,large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming.Ozone (臭氧) levels increased,and ashes from the fire fell on faroff sea ice,darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in.The following spring,however,the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire,because fewer trees covered the ground.Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space,leading to cooling.
“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” scientists said.They tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire,and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature.Typically,fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years.Scientists,however,found that when fire occurs more frequently,more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results.Specifically,they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted,0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases,but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space.The net effect is cooling.Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.
小题1:According to the new findings,taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may________.
A.result in a warming climate |
B.cause more forest fires |
C.lead to a longer fire season |
D.protect the forests there |
A.large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere |
B.the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase |
C.snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space |
D.ashes from the fire fall on the ice and darken the surface |
A.had analyzed all aspects of how northern fires influenced climate |
B.had indicated that forest fires would pollute the atmosphere |
C.had suggested that people should take measures to protect environment |
D.had suggested that the fires would speed up climate warming |
A.warm the climate as the supposition goes |
B.cool the climate by reflecting more sunlight into atmosphere |
C.make more space for the growth of young trees |
D.help to gain more energy rather than release more energy |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:B
解析
小题1: A
解析 细节理解题。文章第二段第一句说,为了限制温室气体的排放而采取措施预防北方森林大火,反而会导致北方地区气候变暖。因此A项正确。B项和C项都是由气候变暖引起的;D项在文中并未说明。
小题2:C
解析 细节理解题。由文章第四段前两句可知,火灾发生后,大量的温室气体进入大气层,臭氧增多,灰烬落到远方的冰山上,把冰面弄黑。这都是发生火灾后会立即出现的情况。由第四段最后两句可知,地面上的雪折射更多的太阳光返回大气层,在第二年的春天才会发生,故选C项。
小题3: D
解析 细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句可知D项正确。
小题4: B
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一段和第四段的具体分析可知,北方的森林大火能使地面上的雪向大气折射回更多的阳光,以此达到降低气温的效果。
核心考点
试题【Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska,Canada and Siberia warm the 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother.Expecting a whole day to relax,he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months.“This will be like a walk in the park,”he’d told his wife.“I’ll look after the kids,and you can go visit your mom.”
Things started well,but just after eight o’clock,his three little “good kids”—Mike,Randy,and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “breakfast,daddy.”When food had not appeared within thirty seconds,Randy began using his spoon on Alex’s head as if it were a drum.Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat(节拍).Mike chanted “Where’s my toast,where’s my toast” in the background.Brad realised his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.
Life became worse after breakfast.Mike wore Randy’s underwear on his head.Randy locked himself in the bathroom,while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants.Nobody could find clean socks,although they were before their very eyes.Someone named “Not Me” had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes.Brad knew the talk show had already started.
By ten o’clock,things were out of control.Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter.Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.Randy,thankfully,appeared to be reading quietly in the family room,but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands.Brad realised that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible.
At exactly 11∶17,Brad called the daycare centre(日托所).“I suddenly have to go into work and my wife’s away.Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes?”The answer was obviously “yes” because Brad was smiling.(2012·陕西,B)
小题1:When his wife left home,Brad expected to________.
A.go out for a walk in the park |
B.watch TV talk show with his children |
C.enjoy his first day off work |
D.read the newspaper to his children |
A.Drawing on the wall. | B.Eating apple jam. |
C.Feeding the fish. | D.Reading in a room. |
A.Because he wanted to clean up his house. |
B.Because he suddenly had to go to his office. |
C.Because he found it hard to manage his boys. |
D.Because he had to take his wife back home. |
A.by space | B.by comparison |
C.by process | D.by time |
By shining a laser beam (激光束) on the tiny pieces of algae floating in the water,the researchers said they hear sound waves that tell them the type and amount of contamination (致污物) in the water.
“It is a red light,telling us that something is beginning to go wrong with the quality of water,” said Zvy Dubinsky,an aquatic biologist at Israel’s Bar Ilan University.“Algae is the first thing to be affected by a change in water quality.”“The secret,” he said,“is to measure the rate of photosynthesis (光合作用) in the algae,meaning the plant’s ability to transform light into energy.” During photosynthesis,plants also release oxygen into the air.
Dubinsky’s technique is easy to perform because of the overabundance of algae in the planet’s water.Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere comes from algae.A prototype tester that occupies about one square meter of a laboratory desktop,shoots a laser beam at water samples to stimulate photosynthesis in the algae.But not all of the laser’s heat is used.Depending on the condition of the algae and the rate of photosynthesis,some of the heat is shot back into the water,creating sound waves,Dubinsky said.With a special underwater microphone,researchers are able to analyze the strength of the sound waves and determine the health of the algae and the condition of the surrounding water.
“Algae suffering from lead poisoning,like waste discharged from battery and paint manufacturing plants,will produce a different sound than those suffering from lack of iron or exposure to other toxins,” said researcher Yulia Pinchasov.She said that testing algae photosynthesis can determine water quality more accurately and easily than laborintensive methods now used like chemical and radioactive carbon testing.
小题1:The underlined word “algae” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to a kind of________.
A.instrument | B.plant |
C.wood | D.pollutant |
A.Because it floats on the water. |
B.Because it can have photosynthesis. |
C.Because it is the first to be polluted. |
D.Because it can produce different sounds. |
A.algae can produce a loud sound when polluted |
B.algae can die easily from pollution |
C.photosynthesis of the algae can only be caused by sunlight |
D.photosynthesis of the algae is related to water quality |
A.Scientists Listen to Plants to Find Water Pollution |
B.A Prototype Tester Is Used to Determine Water Pollution |
C.The Importance of Photosynthesis of the Algae |
D.The Problem of Chemical and Radioactive Carbon Testing |
There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home.These include sources such as oil,gas,coal,wood,and tobacco products,building materials,wet or damp carpet,and furniture made of certain pressed wood products,products for household cleaning and maintenance,personal care,or hobbies,central heating and cooling systems.
Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure (暴露) or repeated exposures.These include irritation of the eyes,nose,and throat,headaches,dizziness.Such immediate effects are usually shortterm and treatable.Sometimes the treatment is simply removing the person’s exposure to the source of the pollution,if it can be identified.
The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors.Age and preexisting medical conditions are two important influences.In other cases,whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity,which varies tremendously from person to person.Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures,and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well.
Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral (病毒性的) diseases,so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution.While pollutants commonly found in indoor air are responsible for many harmful effects,there is considerable uncertainty about what concentrations or periods of exposure are necessary to produce specific health problems.People also react very differently to exposure to indoor air pollutants.Therefore,further research is needed to better understand the effects of indoor air pollution and to find efficient ways to protect our health.
小题1:According to the first paragraph,which of the following is NOT true?
A.People often fail to notice indoor air pollution. |
B.Indoor air pollution sometimes is more dangerous than outdoor air pollution. |
C.Outdoor air pollution may not be so serious as indoor air pollution. |
D.It is obvious that people have been paying more attention to indoor air pollution. |
A.Building materials. | B.Wet carpet. |
C.Cooling system. | D.Refrigerators. |
A.Bad intention. | B.Much sensitivity. |
C.Injury. | D.Carelessness. |
A.Reactions of Pollution | B.Danger from Home |
C.Pollution Resources | D.Different Pollutions |
Robotic technology,in particular,holds much promise,McAteer says,especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuing trapped miners—the special operations of the mining industry.
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at CarnegieMellon University’s Robotics Institute.It was called Groundhog and it looked like a golf cart.It used lasers(激光器) to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest design is called Cave Crawler.It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog,and even more advanced.It can take photos and video and has sensors mounted(增加) that can detect the presence of dangerous gases.Incredibly,the robot has a real sense of logic.If it comes across an obstacle it gets confused.It has to think through the process and where to go next,and sometimes it throws_a_fit just like a real person.
The biggest obstacle,though,is cost.The original research project was federally funded,but that money has dried up,and it’s not clear where future funding will come from. Partly for that reason,and partly because of advances in safety,mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past.Since 1990,fatalities(致命性) have declined by 67 percent and injuries by 51 percent,according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry.The robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs,but don’t eliminate(消除) the need for human workers.
小题1:The underlined phrase “throws a fit” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A.gets angry | B.gets sick |
C.becomes hungry | D.becomes cheerful |
A.robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry |
B.there will be no need for human workers in mines |
C.the mine robots will have a very bright future |
D.robots in mines have a long way to go |
A.Mining robots do most of the mining work at present. |
B.Groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases. |
C.Experts are trying to make robots save miners in danger. |
D.Robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas. |
A.Mining Accidents in America |
B.Could Robots Replace Humans in Mines? |
C.Cave Crawler,the Latest Robot |
D.The Development of Robots |
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago,while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves.And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly.Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies,with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
Harry Morrison,chief executive(主管)of the Carbon Trust,sympathizes:“I understand this situation where survival is very important now.But from environmental considerations,the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time.In addition,cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a mediumterm benefit for the brand.”
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint,as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions(排放).Those that have taken early action will have a head start.More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible.This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.
The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing.“When companies are granted(授予) the standard,they can use a logo(标识) in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr.Morrison said. (2010·福建,C)
小题1:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers. |
B.Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions. |
C.Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home. |
D.Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness. |
A.affect | B.change | C.disturb | D.reject |
A.will benefit from cutting carbon emissions |
B.should buy carbon allowances for shoppers |
C.are required to make up for their carbon emissions |
D.have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere |
A.have a strong desire to reduce costs |
B.use the same logo in their marketing |
C.gain advantages by taking early action |
D.attract more shoppers by storing goods |
最新试题
- 1对如图所示粒子的结构示意图理解不正确的是( )A.这四种微粒的电子层数相同B.有三种微粒的核外电子排布是稳定结构C.有
- 2某举重运动员在地面上最多能举起100kg的物体,而在加速运动的升降机中,最多举起40kg的物体,则下列运动可能的是(
- 3“魔棒”常被用于晚会现场气氛的渲染。其发光原理是利用H2O2氧化草酸二酯产生能量,该能量被传递给荧光物质后发出荧光,草酸
- 4下列各项中注音有误的一项是( )A.嬖爱bì劈风斩浪pī癖好pìB.躲避bì巨擘bò复辟bì开辟pìC.麻痹大意bì投
- 5【题文】对下面这段文字加以提取或概括,完成填空。(要求写出三点,每点不超过8字)(3分)地震,虽然目前人类还不能完全避免
- 6(2009。济南外国语学校质量检测)2008年7月7日,福建土楼被第三十二届世界遗产大会作为世界文化遗产列入《世界遗产名
- 7城市化是人口和产业活动在空间上集聚的过程。读图回答1—2题。 1、引发图中人口流动的主要因素是[ ]A、经济因素
- 8地铁作为一种快速的轨道交通工具,越来越受到重视.对于制造地铁车厢的主要材料,下表列出4种金属的某些性质,你认为最合适的是
- 9入射光线与镜面夹角为40°时,反射角为 ,反射光线与入射光线夹角为60°时,入射角为 。
- 10阅读下面一段文字,完成后面的问题。春天苏醒,张开它绿色的裙摆,跟随花开的声音,翩然起舞。随后,有越来越多的声音加入进来,
热门考点
- 1已知集合P={y|y=-x2+2,x∈R},Q={y|y=-x+2,x∈R},则P∩Q=( )A.(0,2),(1,1
- 2下列推理正确的是( )A.水由两种元素组成且含有氧元素,所以水一定是氧化物B.单质只含一种元素,所以含一种元素的物质一
- 3下列各句没有语病的一项是( )A.在老师和同学们的耐心教育和帮助下,终于使他翻然醒悟了。B.奥地利科学家是在
- 4阅读赏析。 我说道:“爸爸,你走吧。”他往车外看了看说:“我买几个橘子去。你就在此地,不要走动。”我看那边月台的栅栏外
- 5计算1916+2536的值为( )A.2512B.1912C.3112D.256
- 6I don"t like winter because it’s ________cold.A.too muchB.fa
- 72009年春节期间,中央电视台在建军附属大楼工地发生火灾,消防队员迅速赶赴现场,采取多种措施灭火,其中用高压水枪灭火的原
- 8以下对1936年苏联新宪法的评价不正确的是:A.规定苏联的经济基础是生产资料的社会主义所有制B.规定苏联的政治基础是各级
- 9文言文阅读。生于忧患,死于安乐 舜发于畎亩之中,傅说举于版筑之中,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,管夷吾举于士,孙叔敖举于海,百里奚
- 10已知P(x,y)是圆x2+y2=2y上的动点.(1)求2x+y的取值范围;(2)若x+y+c>0恒成立,求实数c的取值范