As an experienced photojournalist in Nashville, Tennessee, I was hired by USA Today newspaper to
photograph a spinal bifida (脊柱畸形) corrective surgical procedure. It was to be performed on a
twenty-one week old fetus (胎儿)in uterus (子宫)at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. At that time, in
1999, twenty-one weeks in uterus was the earliest that the surgical team would consider for surgery. The
worst possible outcome would be that the surgery would cause premature delivery, and no child born earlier
than twenty-three weeks had survived.
The tension could be felt in the operating room as the surgery began. A typical C-section incision (切口)
was made to access the uterus, which was then lifted out and laid at the junction of the mother"s thighs
(大腿). The entire procedure would take place within the uterus, and no part of the child was to breach the
surgical opening. During the procedure, the position of the fetus was adjusted by gently manipulating ( 熟练
操作) the outside of the uterus. The entire surgical procedure on the child was completed in one hour and
thirteen minutes. When it was over, the surgical team breathed a sigh of relief, as did I.
As a doctor asked me what speed of film I was using, out of the corner of my eye I saw the uterus
shake, but no one"s hands were near it. It was shaking from within. Suddenly, an entire arm thrust out of the
opening, then pulled back until just a little hand was showing. The doctor reached over and lifted the hand,
which reacted and squeezed the doctor"s finger. As if testing for strength, the doctor shook the tiny fist.
Samuel held firm. I took the picture! Wow! It happened so fast that the nurse standing next to me asked,
"What happened?" "The child reached out," I said. "Oh. They do that all the time," she responded.
The surgical opening to the uterus was closed and the uterus was then put back into the mother and
the C-section opening was closed.
It was ten days before I knew if the picture was even in focus. To ensure no digital manipulation of
images before they see them, USA Today requires that film be submitted (提交) unprocessed. When the
photo editor finally phoned me he said, "It"s the most incredible picture I"ve ever seen."
B. likely for a fetus born 21 weeks to become deformed (畸形的)
C. right time for a fetus born 21 weeks to receive an operation
D. risky for a fetus 21 weeks in uterus to receive an operation
B. demanding and unsuccessful
C. simple and short
D. long-lasting and difficult
B. the arm of the fetus
C. the taking of the picture
D. the head of the fetus
B. satisfied
C. annoyed
D. depressed
get going in the morning," she says. "I"d get depressed and gain 10 pounds every winter and lose them again
in the spring." Then she read about seasonal affective disorder, a form of depression that occurs in fall and
winter, and she saw the light literally. Every morning now she turns on a specially constructed light box for
half an hour and sits in front of it to trick her brain into thinking it"s still enjoying those long summer days. It
seems to work.
Krentz is not alone. Scientists estimate that 10 million Americans suffer from seasonal depression and 25
million more develop milder versions. But there"s never been definitive proof that treatment with very bright
lights makes a difference. After all, it"s hard to do a double-blind test when the subjects can see for themselves
whether or not the light is on. That"s why nobody has ever separated the real effects of light therapy from
placebo (安慰剂) effects.
Until now, in three separate studies published last month, researchers report not only that light therapy
works better than a placebo but that treatment is usually more effective in the early morning than in the
evening. In two of the groups, the placebo problem was resolved by telling patients they were comparing light
boxes to a new anti-depressant device that gives off negatively charged ions (离子). The third used the timing
of light therapy as the control.
Why does light therapy work? No one really knows."Our research suggests it has something to do with
shifting the body"s internal clock," says psychiatrist Dr. Lewey. The body is programmed to start the day with
sunrise, he explains, and this gets later as the days get shorter. But why such subtle shifts make some people
depressed and not others is a mystery.
That hasn"t stopped thousands of winter depressives from trying to heal themselves. Light boxes for that
purpose are available without a doctor"s prescription. That bothers psychologist Michael Terman of Columbia
University. He is worried that the boxes may be tried by patients who suffer from mental illness that can"t be
treated with light. Terman has developed a questionnaire to help determine whether expert care is needed.
In any event, you should choose a reputable manufacturer. Whatever product you use should give off only
visible light, because ultraviolet light damages the eyes. If you are photosensitive (对光敏感的), you may
develop a rash. Otherwise, the main drawback is having to sit in front of the light for 30 to 60 minutes in the
morning. That"s an inconvenience many winter depressives can live with.
B. Unexplained impairment of her nervous system.
C. Weakening of her eyesight with the setting in of winter.
D. Poor adjustment of her body clock to seasonal changes.
B. It serves as a kind of placebo.
C. It proves to be an effective therapy.
D. It hardly produces any effects.
B. No mental patients would bother to consult psychiatrists.
C. Bad light boxes will give off harmful ultraviolet lights.
D. Light therapy could be misused by certain mental patients.
B. Light therapy increases the patient"s photosensitivity.
C. Eye damage is a side effect of light therapy.
D. Light boxes can be programmed to correspond to shifts in the body clock.
Students and professionals can all benefit from reading scholarly research. While many works may be of
a technical nature, some of the best research is published in professional journals. While not all journals get
published on the Internet, the trend toward the electronic format is growing. You probably also have free
access to some of the online sources outlined below, but many don"t know where they can consult online
sources when in need of excellent research.
Science
The journal Science is perhaps the most prestigious science journal. This journal is also well known
enough to be featured on media outlets. It has all the latest news. Science is also interested in scientific policy,
and frequently publishes articles that report the achievement of technology and science in general. Free partial
access is available after registration.
Proceedings from the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)
The world famous scholar reviewed journal has its articles and reviews on their website. While reading
the abstracts of articles is free, PNAS charges for downloading the entire article in full. There is also an option
for paying a flat rate to view several articles for a week-long period. There are some "open access" articles
which are available for download free of charge. Nature Nature is another popular and famous journal. Nature
has a wide approach publishing scientific papers on a wide variety of topics.
Nature in fact is considered interdisciplinary (各学科间的), going beyond its name which would seem to
show it only belongs to the natural sciences. Nature is aimed at researchers and academics, but readers can
find out about major breakthroughs through summaries and other notes that appear in this weekly publication.
While there is an effort to provide so-called "open access", it is at the moment limited. Students and those
with academic access can access these major journals for free because of contractual relationships.
B. Fewer and fewer journals will be put out online in the future.
C. Reading professional journals is quite helpful for students.
D. A small number of the online sources can be attained for free.
A. complicated
B. famous
C. special
D. instructive
B. the entire journal Nature
C. one article of the journal Science
D. "open access " PNAS articles
B. about a few academic magazines in the world
C. about free access to some of the online sources
D. which journal is most famous in the world
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are
the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional
work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary
reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don"t know
where they should go next.
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market
have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved
in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5
percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in
the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than their
counterparts did in the ten other countries surveyed.
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test
taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression." Those things that do not show up in the
test scores, personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman
of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party"s education committee." Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids
to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929
assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis
on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he
argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡ had
weakened the"Japanese morality of respect for parents."
But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles." In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro,"it"s never
a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic
growth becoming centralization, fully 76 percent of Japans, 119 million citizens live in cities where community
and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese
have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old
group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce
rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have
increased by nearly one-quarter.
B. a positive example
C. a rival to the West
D. on the decline
B. More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.
C. Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.
D. The life-style has been influenced by Western values.
B. Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.
C. More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.
D. Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.
B. the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.
C. the Japanese endure more than ever before
D. the Japanese appreciate their present life
growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way
the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken
as the measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.
To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout
history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a mainly
rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and
any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product
it was relatively inefficient.
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers
to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to reducing biodiversity.
All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th.
This will require thorough thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices
are certainly more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be "zero
impact". The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static (稳定的) measures of sustainability, which
centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic
interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used. There are many different
ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity,
carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain
to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.
What is important is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.
B. By its contribution to economic growth
C. By its productivity
D. By its sustainability
B. The shrinking of farmland
C. the decrease of biodiversity
D. competition from overseas
B. They have not kept pace with population growth
C. They have remained the same over the centuries
D. They are environmentally friendly
B. It will mainly keep traditional farming
C. It will go through complete changes
D. It will cause zero damage to the environment
B. To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.
C. To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.
D. To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.
watching how he or she deals with it. Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see. Some last a few
minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait until the last moment.
By the time the children reach high school, something remarkable has happened. A survey found that those
who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out generally grew up to be more popular, adventurous,
confident and dependable. The children who gave in to temptation (诱惑) early were more likely to be lonely,
easily frustrated and inflexible (固守己见的).
Actually, the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesn"t show up on an IQ test.
The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scientists" concerns. But brain
theory can"t explain what we wonder about most, like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face
of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul.
Here comes the theory of Daniel Goleman, writer of Emotional Intelligence: when it comes to predicting
people"s success, brain ability as measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once
thought of as"character".
EQ is not the opposite of IQ. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together;
how one"s ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use.
Among the ingredients (要素) for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%;
the rest depends on everything from social class to luck.
While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously,
some few fear EQ invites misuse.
B. emotional intelligence won"t show up until adolescence
C. the ability of self-control plays a role in personal success
D. candy can be used to measure a person"s emotional intelligence
B. The higher a person"s IQ is, the higher his or her EQ is.
C. Some people can be blessed with lots of both, but some with little of either.
D. Scientists are trying to discover the way in which EQ and IQ work together.
B. floating
C. excited
D. optimistic
B. Examples showing the opposite voice about EQ.
C. Some reasons why EQ is a relatively new field.
D. Strong demand for basic emotional education.
- 1读图，回答1～3题。小题1:图中A、B所在地区的主要粮食作物分别是A．小麦、水稻 B．小麦、谷子C．玉米、水稻 D．
- 2（选做题）如图，AB是的直径，弦BD、CA的延长线相交于点E，F为BA延长线上一点，且，求证：（1）；（2）．
- 3已知一长木板的长度为，如图所示建立坐标系，长木板底边上的点为坐标原点，沿底边向右的方向规定为坐标轴的正方向．设图中a、b
- 4—I eat___ vegetables and ____ _meat than I did last year.—T
- 5下列句子引用诗句不恰当的一项是[ ]A、在白天这条小巷也少人，更何况晚上？走在小巷，“前不见古人，后不见来者”的
- 6从1，2，3，，，这个数中任取两个数，设这两个数之积的数学期望为，则________.
- 7 下图为某城市略图和该城市各地区2004年人口变动示意图，读图回答下列问题（人口迁移差额率为人口迁入与迁出的差额与
- 8三个数0.76，60.7，log0.76的大小关系为[ ]A．0.76＜log0.76＜60.7 B．0.76
- 9（选做题）如图所示，已知PA与⊙O相切，A为切点，PBC为割线，弦CD∥AP，AD、BC相交于E点，F为CE上一点，且D
- 10把一质量为2.3g的钠用一铝箔（上面用针刺有许多小孔）包好，放入到足量的水中，理论上可以收集到的氢气在标况下的体积是（
- 1下列关于热现象的几种说法中，正确的是[ ]A．急刹车时车胎表面温度升高，这是由于热传递造成的 B．5月31日是世
- 2最近一段时间以来，部分西方专家认为中国经济可能会崩盘或撞墙，一些西方舆论乘机跟进大肆炒作，夸大中国经济改革的风险与困难，
- 3小明刚刚适应了初中学习生活，一些莫名其妙的烦恼便悄悄爬上了心头。“我为什么长得这么矮、这么丑？为什么有的男孩长了胡须，我
- 4计算：-m2·m3的结果是 [ ]A．-m6 B．m5 C．m6 D．-m5
- 52008年4月8日，某加油站93#汽油每升标价为5．3元人民币。在这里，5．3元人民币是汽油的 ，5．3元人民
- 6莫高窟被称为世界最大的艺术宝库之一，主要因为（ ）A．建筑具有独创风格B．位于河西走廊C．有大量精美的彩塑和壁画D．大
- 7函数f（x）=log2（4x-x2）的单调递减区间是（ ）A．（0，4）B．（0，2）C．（2，4）D．（2，+∞）
- 8下列离子方程式，正确的是A．等物质的量的SO2与氢氧化钠溶液反应：SO2+OH-=HSO3-B．用食醋除去水瓶中的水垢：
- 9在“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”的实验中，如图给出了从0点开始，每5个点取一个计数点的纸带，其中0、1、2、3、4、5
- 10"Whose shoes are these?" "I think they"re _______." [ ]A