题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Because twins share genes, but may have 2 exposures to environmental factors, studying twins allows an, "opportunity to control for genetic susceptibility(敏感性)," Dr. Elma D. Baron, at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, and colleagues 3 in the latest issue of Archives of Dermatology.
Their analysis of environmental skin-damaging factors in 65 pairs of twins hints that skin aging is 4 more to environment and lifestyle than 5 factors.
But when it 6 skin cancer, the researchers say their findings support previous reports that 7 environment and genes affect skin cancer risk.
Baron"s team 8 facial skin of 130 twins, 18 to 77 years old, who lived 9 in the northern Midwest and Eastern regions of the U.S. who were 10 the Twins Days Festival in Ohio in August 2002.
At this time, each of the twins also 11 reported how their skin burned or tanned 12 sunscreen(防晒霜), their weight, and their history of skin cancer, smoking, and alcohol drinking.
The study group 13 of 52 fraternal and 10 identical twin pairs, plus 3 pairs who were unsure of their twin status. Identical(同卵的) twins share all of their genes and fraternal twins share only about half.
From these data, the researchers 14 strong ties, outside of twin status, between smoking, older age, and being overweight, and having facial skin with evidence of environmental 15
16 contrast, sunscreen use and drinking alcohol appeared correlated with 17 skin damage.
Baron and colleagues say the current findings, which highlight ties between facial 18 and potentially avoidable 19 factors -- such as smoking, being overweight, and 20 overexposure to the sun"s damaging rays -- may help motivate people to minimize these risky behaviors.
( ) 1. A. blame B. owe C. take D. bring
( ) 2. A. same B. different C. similar D. common
( ) 3. A. explain B. confirm C. declare D. shout
( ) 4. A. equal B. related C. close D. strict
( ) 5. A. characteristic B. personal C. natural D. genetic
( ) 6. A. comes to B. talks of C. refers to D. gets to
( ) 7. A. all B. neither C. both D. either
( ) 8. A. examined B. checked C. inspected D. interviewed
( ) 9. A. most B. usually C. mostly D. always
( ) 10. A. joining B. representing C. attending D. remarking
( ) 11. A. separately B. lonely C. commonly D. truly
( ) 12. A. with B. on C. in D. without
( ) 13. A. consisted B. made up C. contained D. included
( ) 14. A. documented B. recorded C. reported D. noted
( ) 15. A. damage B. exploration C. protection D. material
( ) 16. A. In B. By C. As D. At
( ) 17. A. lesser B. more C. no D. fewer
( ) 18. A. look B. aging C. expression D. wrinkle
( ) 19. A. environmental B. genetic C. emotional D. psychological
( ) 20. A. protected B. planned C. unprotected D. prevented
答案
解析
1. A你可以把皱纹、红褐斑以及血管瘤等皮肤问题归因于长时间日晒、吸烟以及体重超标有关。由此我们得知此空要填上表示:把…..归因于…..,A项blame和on搭配刚好表示这个意思。B项owe要和介词to才表示这样的意思。CD两项和on搭配分别表示呈现和带来之意,再说他们两个只能构成take on…….和bring on…….这样的动词短语。
2. B由于双胞胎拥有相同的基因,但可能受到的环境因素的影响不同,因此研究双胞胎可以“对基因易感性加以控制”,此空需要填上表示不同的含义的词,也即是B项,而ACD项所表达的意思:相同,相似,共同之意。
3. A位于美国俄亥俄州克里夫兰的凯斯西储医学院的艾尔玛•D•巴伦博士及其同事在最新一期的《皮肤病学档案》中解释称……我们不难看出此处表示解释之意的动词,也即是A项explain,而BCD项所表达是证实,宣布,大喊的意思,不符合此处的语言逻辑。
4. B研究人员对65对双胞胎的皮肤损伤环境影响因素进行分析后发现,环境和生活方式跟皮肤老化的关系大于遗传因素,此处应该填上表示相关之意的形容词,也即是B项related。而ACD项依次分别所表达的意思:相等,接近,严格,都不符合此处的语言逻辑。
5. D上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示基因方面的之意,也就即是D项:genetic(基因的),ABC项依次分别所表示的意思:特征的,个人的,自然的儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语意。
6. A但在皮肤癌的问题上,研究人员称他们的发现与之前的研究一样,认为环境和基因对患皮肤癌风险均有影响。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示在……的问题上,在…….方面之意的动词短语,而A项其实固定结构when it comes to……就表示这样的意思,而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思:说起(其主语通常是某个人),涉及或者参考(其主语通常是某个人),到达(其主语通常是某个人),不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,也不是固定结构。
7. C由上一题的分析我们容易得出此处应该填上表示两者都……之意的连词,也即是C项:both,而ABD项依次分别所表达的意思:三者以上都……,两者都不…..,两者中的任何一个……
8. A巴伦的研究小组对130个年龄从18岁到77岁的双胞胎的面部皮肤进行了研究。分析后我们不难看出此处应该填上表示研究之意的动词,也就是A项examined。而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:核对,视察,采访。
9. C这些双胞胎大部分居住在美国中西部偏北地区和东部地区,其中的大部分是副词用来修饰live。A项most(代词的时候是大部分的意思)具有很大的迷惑性,但most作副词时,意思是:很,极其,非常。BD两项依次分别所表达的意思是通常,一直,和这儿的语言逻辑不契合。
10. C他们于2002年8月参加了在俄亥俄州举行的“双胞胎节”,其中的参加就是C项attending,而ABD项所表达的意思中就数A项容易让人上当,但是它表示此意的时候要和介词in搭配,BD两项的意思是:描述,陈述。
11. A在这项研究中,每对双胞胎也分别报告了他们的皮肤在没有涂防晒霜的情况下晒伤或晒黑的情况、他们的体重、患皮肤癌、吸烟以及喝酒的历史,经过分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示分别之意的副词用来修饰reported,也就是A项separately,而不是BCD项依次分别所表达的意思:孤独地,共同地,真实地。
12. D由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示没有之意的介词,也即是D项:without,而不是ABC三项项依次分别所表达的意思:和,在….上,在…..里。
13. A这组研究对象由52对异卵双胞胎和10对同卵双胞胎,以及三对不确定自己属于哪种类型的双胞胎组成。我们可以确定此处要填上表示由……组成,也即是A项:consisted,B项的具有很大的迷惑性,但是它表示的意思是:……组成了…….,CD项依次分别所表达的意思:包含,包括,好像都行,但是它们都不和of连用。
14. D研究人员通过分析这些数据后指出,不论哪种类型的双胞胎,受到环境伤害的面部皮肤与吸烟、年龄增长、体重超标有很大关系。此处应该填上表示指出,发现,或者得到结论之类的动词,这四项中只有D项noted(指出指明以强调结果),而ABC三项依次分别所表达的意思:用正式的文件记录,用磁带等录制,以新闻的形式报告。
15. A由上一题的分析很容易弄清楚此处应该填上表示伤害的名词,也即是A项:damage,而BCD项依次分别所表达的探索,保护,材料的意思,都和这儿的语言逻辑不契合。
16. B通过相比得知,使用防晒霜以及喝酒的人皮肤损伤较小。这四个词中只有B项有通过之意。ACD项依次分别所表达的意思:在……里,作为……,在……地方。
17. A由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示较小的含义的形容词比较级修饰不可数名词damage,也就是A项:lesser。而BCD各个选项依次分别所表达的意思:较多,没有,很少(修饰可数名词)。
18. B巴伦及其同事称,目前的这项发现强调了皮肤老化和可避免的环境因素之间的关系,如抽烟、体重超标、无防护措施地过度日晒等,此处应该填上表示老化的名词,也即是B项:aging,而ACD项依次分别所表达的意思:表情,神情,皱纹。
19. A由上一题的分析我们很容易发现此处应该填上表示环境的之意的形容词,也就是说是A项:environmental,其余BCD三项依次分别所表达的意思:基因的,情感的,心理的等等都在语言逻辑上不吻合。
20. C由第18题的分析我们能发现此处应该填上表示无防护措施的意思的单词,这四个单词当中就只有C项了,因为ABD三项表示的意思分别是:保护的,计划的,预防的。
核心考点
试题【Don"t blame genes for aging facial skin. A new study of twins suggests you can 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Using prediction models, British and Australian researchers 1 that improving efficiency, increasing carbon capture and 2 fossil fuel dependence in farming would not be enough to 3 emissions targets.
But combining these steps 4 a 30 percent reduction in livestock(家畜) 5 in major meat-producing nations and a similar 6 in meat-eating, would lead to "substantial population health benefits" and cut emissions, they said.
The study found that in Britain, a 30 percent 7 intake of animal-source saturated(饱和的) fat by adults would reduce the 8 of premature(过早的) deaths from heart disease by some 17 percent -- equivalent to 18,000 premature deaths reduced in one year.
In Sao Paulo, Brazil, it could mean as 9 as 1,000 premature deaths reduced in a year, they said.
10 the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, 18 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions are from meat production and experts say rising 11 for meat, particularly in countries with growing economies, could 12 livestock production up by 85 percent from 2000 levels 13 2030.
The scientists said global action was needed to maximize the benefits of cutting meat production and 14 , and that the environmental 15 "may apply only in those countries that currently have high production levels."
The study was 16 in The Lancet medical journal as part of a series in climate change and health 17 the Copenhagen global climate summit scheduled next month.
In a second study, British scientists found that increased walking and cycling, and 18 cars, would have a much greater impact on health 19 low-emission vehicles in rich and middle-income countries.
Andrew Haines, director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and head of the research series, said delegates at Copenhagen needed "to understand the potential 20 impacts of their plans."
( ) 1. A. invented B. experimented C. found D. proved
( ) 2. A. increasing B. speeding C. stopping D. reducing
( ) 3. A. meet B. change C. break D. adapt
( ) 4. A. by B. with C. to D. in
( ) 5. A. sale B. eating C. production D. use
( ) 6. A. cut B. increase C. addition D. consumption
( ) 7. A. lower B. higher C. more D. less
( ) 8. A. amount B. number C. quantity D. deal
( ) 9. A. much B. many C. few D. little
( ) 10. A. According to B. Apart from C. As well as D. In addition to
( ) 11. A. resistance B. fear C. demand D. anxiety
( ) 12. A. weaken B. strengthen C. drive D. broaden
( ) 13. A. in B. by C. from D. after
( ) 14. A. evaluation B. consumption C. process D. store
( ) 15. A. advantage B. disadvantage C. pollution D. improvement
( ) 16. A. written B. claimed C. delivered D. published
( ) 17. A. along with B. from behind C. ahead of D. in front of
( ) 18. A. more B. fewer C. no . none
( ) 19. A. then B. as C. that D. than
( ) 20. A. health B. body C. spirit D. emotion
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小题1:How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?
A.15 minutes. | B.30 minutes. | C.1.5 hours. | D.3 hours. |
A.It is built in an iPhone. |
B.It is the smallest of its kind. |
C.It can also be used as a charger. |
D.It keeps power for about 30 days. |
A. P.S. B. B.L. C. M.C. D. T.K.
小题4:The customer comments on the battery are mainly about its _______.
A.quality | B.service | C.function | D.shopping |
This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would hive her some idea of a fascinating circle who might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She’s be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.
Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused. By practising in this way, he delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious. Automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance form the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems—how do I get characters into a room—dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.
The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It’s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine; the latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we’re “hard-wired” to do. And it’s true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.
小题1:The passage mainly deals with________.
A.the function of I.Q. in cultivating a writer |
B.the relationship between genius and success |
C.the decisive factor in making a genius |
D.the way of gaining some sense of distinction |
A.come to understand the inner structure of writing |
B.join a fascinating circle of writers someday |
C.share with a novelist her likes and dislikes |
D.learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security |
A.her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success. |
B.her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance |
C.she acquires the magic of some great achievement |
D.she comes to realize she is “hard-wired” to write |
A.A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one’s success |
B.A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing. |
C.As to the growth of a genius, I.Q. Doesn’t matter, but just his|her effort. |
D.What really matters is what you do rather then who you are. |
本文介绍了美国著名的生物学家Edward Wilson 的著作The Future of Life中的一些有关如何开发、利用和保护自然资源的情况。
Edward Wilson is America’s, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world’s natural resources(资源). How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity(生物多样性)of our earth.
Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment (环境) protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. Van the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future?
Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species(物种) are the basis of our food supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.
At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book.
小题1: We learn from the text that Wilson cares most about ______
A.the environment for plants |
B.the biodiversity of our earth |
C.the wastes of natural resources |
D.the importance of human values |
A.Twenty. | B.Eighty. | C.One hundred | D.Ten thousand. |
A.learn how to farm scientifically |
B.build homes for some dying species |
C.make it clear what to eat |
D.use more species for food |
A.a description of natural resources |
B.a research report |
C.a book review |
D.an introduction to a scientist. |
In the past hundred years,humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源):land for crops,wood for paper and other products,land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example,a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly,when people cut down trees,generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly,cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now,but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However,fewer than l%of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.
小题1:Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they
A.reflect more heat into the atmosphere |
B.bring about high rainfall throughout the world |
C.rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃ |
D.reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth |
A.We will lose much more than we can gain. |
B.Humans have begun destroying rainforests. |
C.People have a strong desire for resources. |
D.Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests. |
A.we can get enough resources without rainforests |
B.there is great medicine potential in rainforests |
C.we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land |
D.the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns |
A.How to Save Rainforests |
B.How to Protect Nature |
C.Rainforests and the Environment |
D.Rainforests and Medical Development |
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