题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for prolonged periods — even if you also exercise regularly — could be bad for your health. And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place — at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial published this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin EkblomBak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position.
"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes regulating(调节) the amount of glucose(葡萄糖) and fat in the body start to shut down.
Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day — but still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, rather than in a single bout.(一回)
Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.
"We don’t have enough evidence yet to say how much sitting is bad," said Peter Katzmarzyk of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, who led the Canadian study. "But it seems the more you can get up and interrupt this sedentary behavior, the better."
Figures from a U.S. survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible tooffset those effects.
"People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits," Ekblom-Bak said. "But when they’re in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible," she said.
小题1:What is the best title for the text?
A.Not Sitting Too Much While Working | B.How To Avoid Sitting Too Much |
C.Sitting Too Much Could Be Deadly | D.More And More People Sit Too Much |
A.the more time you spend in exercising in a single bout, the healthier you will be. |
B.those who often sit too much are sure to grow fat or suffer from a heart attack. |
C.regular exercise is effective to get rid of the side effect of sitting too much. |
D.you had better not sit for more than four hours in a single bout. |
A.It results in a higher death risk. |
B.It increases glucose and fat in the body. |
C.It makes a person unable to exercise long enough in a day. |
D.It causes the gene to fail to balance the glucose and fat in the body. |
A.sending your friends e-mails |
B.having a walk around your office |
C.chatting online or playing computer games |
D.listening to music with your head on the desk. |
答案
小题1:C
小题1:B
小题1:C
小题1:A
解析
核心考点
试题【LONDON----Here’s a new warning from health experts: Sitting is deadly. Scientis】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Scientists have completed a full genetic examinations of the genomes(基因组) of cancer patients, and hope the information will lead to a basic understanding of the causes of cancer—and possibly drugs and treatments—by making out the mutations that turn a healthy cell into a cancerous tumor cell.
They studied a lung-cancer patient who had about 23,000 DNA mutations in his lung cells that were connected with exposure(暴露) to the toxins found in cigarette smoke and had built up over his lifetime.
They also looked at a patient with malignant melanoma(恶性黑色肿瘤), the most dangerous form of skin cancer, who had got 30,000 special mutations known to be connected with exposure to sunlight.
Scientists believe this new finding into the genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs and perfect treatments that aim at the specific changes to the gene that cause the disease, as well as new techniques for discovering following cancers that have escaped from treatment in other parts of the body.
“For the first time, we have a complete map of all mutations in a cancer cell,” said Dr. Peter Campbell, who led the Cancer Genome project to work out the whole DNA system of tumor cells in order find the mutations.
A similar method was performed on the cells of a patient with skin cancer, which is how the researchers were able to show that the malignant skin cells contained changes that resulted from exposure to light.
“These are the two main cancers in the developed world for which we know the chief exposure. For lung cancer it is cigarette smoke, and for malignant melanoma it is exposure to sunlight,” Professor Campbell said.
小题1:What can the genetic examination of the genomes of cancer patients be used for?
A.To help the professors to win the Nobel Prizes. |
B.To advance the study of reason and cure of cancer. |
C.To make the medicine industries earn more money. |
D.To help the cancer patients reduce their pain. |
A.smoke | B.sunlight | C.cell | D.poison |
A.The lung-cancer patient had 30,000 mutations in his lung cells. |
B.The genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs soon. |
C.It’s the first time that people mapped mutations in a cancer cell. |
D.Dr. Peter tries to invent a new drug with the DNA system. |
A.Their smoking too much in daily life. |
B.Their receiving too much sunshine. |
C.Their refusing to accept treatment. |
D.Their interest in travelling abroad. |
Accent reduction classes have been around for years, but experts say."As our workforce becomes more and more global, these classes are becoming more and more popular." Private tutors said they answer calls almost daily from students, when just a few years ago the phones rang only occasionally.Author Amy Gillett said that sales of her book and CD set, "Speak English Like an American", have increased three times in the last few years.Judy Ravin, President of the Accent Reduction Institute, said she has hundreds of students who follow her program, "Lose Your Accent in 28 Days".
Though there is a general tolerance for diversity, experts said, reality has made some immigrants who sound different feel unwelcome.If someone speaks with an accent associated with an Asian language, they may work as engineers or computer scientists.If someone speaks with certain Spanish accents, people may think they are recent immigrants working in landscaping or the hospitality industry (招待性行业).A French accent gives images of romance.An Australian accent brings to mind adventure and fun.
Accent reduction students said they are aware of how they sound and whether their accents limit their job opportunities or spoil their social lives.Jennie Lo, aged 43, said her accent has been an embarrassment.Sometimes people couldn"t even understand her when she said her name.While in college in Oklahoma, Lo said she didn"t make many friends, tearing that no one could make out her words.Lo is now taking accent reduction classes and hopes to apply for a manager position at work."I just want to feel good about myself," she said."If I really work hard, if I practice every day, I can"t be perfect.But I can be better."
小题1:In the whole passage, the first paragraph serves as a(n) _____.
A.introduction | B.comment |
C.explanation | D.background |
A.The effect that popular accent reduction classes have. |
B.The fact that accent reduction classes become popular. |
C.The steps how accent reduction classes become popular. |
D.The reasons why accent reduction classes become popular. |
A.they are romantic | B.they are hospitality workers |
C.they are computer scientists | D.they love adventure and fun |
A.Confident. | B.Helpless. |
C.Proud. | D.Anxious. |
I watched such a moment not long ago at a woman’s funeral(葬礼).I didn’t expect the event to affect me.Through much of the ceremony, in fact, I remained unmoved.
Then her teenage grandson stepped forward.With his very first deep breath, every heart in that church was achingly reminded of something we had all forgotten.Softly he began: “I want to share a few values that Nana taught me.She never failed to see light in any situation.When our family dog would literally attact her, what would Nana say? ‘Oh, what beautiful markings that dog has.’ That was Nana.
“She was a strong woman who often lived in the shadow of my grandpa, who was a successful businessman in this city.But she was the one behind the scenes who provided the strength and support for Grandpa’s career,” he said, with a voice now trembling.“That was Nana’s way.”
Through a muffled sob, he continued.“Whenever she did anything worth recognition, you’d have to hear about it from a different source, because she was never one to brag.”
Finally, in a voice breaking free of sorrow, he looked up and said, “Nana taught me courage.She put up an incredible fight to the end, when she died peacefully, which is how she lived her life.That was Nana’s way, and I hope I can carry on in the same manner.”
There are no hearts as sensitive as those of teenagers, because everything is happening to them for the first time.The trouble with teenagers is that they haven’t learned to be controlled.
When that boy rose to speak about the woman who surely had been his truest ally and est friend, his honest voice dragged each of us out into the open where we could no longer hide in the calm ritual.He exposed us to the truth about this very real woman who believed in a boy who probably tried the patience of many adults.He reminded us that his grandmother was more than another dot on the chart of life and death.
All over again we felt those powerful losses crisscrossing our own hearts, and we knew that when you say good-bye to a beloved grandparent, you say good-bye to something happy, something young in yourself.And that something never really returns, and the pain never really goes away.
小题1:From the boy’s speech, we know his grandmother ____________.
A.was a weak woman living in the shadow of his grandpa |
B.liked dogs very much even if they often attacked her |
C.could see everything around her though she was old |
D.had great influence over the boy when she was alive |
A.young people should keep quiet before the public |
B.people don’t think highly of the teenagers |
C.people shouldn’t forget the young people |
D.young people are living a hard life |
A.the young people were too weak to face the fact |
B.the young people had to learn to control themselves |
C.the adults could learn something valuable from the young |
D.the adults should teach the young how to deal with the death |
A.was filled with sadness and gave up finishing his talk |
B.was always very good at expressing himself |
C.practiced a lot in order to give a moving speech |
D.had great difficulty in accepting the loss of Nana |
For example, if you say bad things about a person, the person might protest and say “Do not bad mouth me.” Sometimes, people say something to a friend or family member that they later regret because it hurts that person’s feelings. Or they tell the person something they were not supposed to tell. The speaker might say: “I really put my foot in my mouth this time.” If this should happen, the speaker might feel down in the mouth. In other words, he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing.
Another situation is when someone falsely claims another person said something. The other person might protest: “I did not say that. Do not put words in my mouth.”
Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. There is an expression for this, too. You might say such a person, “was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.” This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives from hand to mouth. This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food.
Parents might sometimes withhold sweet food from a child as a form of punishment for saying bad things. For example, if a child says things she should not say to her parents, she might be described as a mouthy child. The parents might even tell the child to stop mouthing off.
But enough of all this talk. I have been running my mouth long enough.
小题1:In what kind of situation will a person say “Do not bad mouth me.” ?
A.When he feels down. | B.When he feels regretful. |
C.When he is spoken ill of. | D.When he feels innocent. |
A.Do not bad mouth me |
B.I really put my foot in my mouth this time |
C.Do not put words in my mouth |
D.Stop mouthing off |
A.he is badly – off | B.he is hard – working |
C.he is well – off | D.he has enough to eat |
A.I have run a long way | B.I have been a mouthy person |
C.I have learned a lot | D.I have talked too much |
A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden. It is just a far more eco-friendly garden. Usually it is built lower than the ground. Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak(浸人)slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply.
Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused. The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two. This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed. This is a simple, attractive, and eco-friendly “green” way to treat storm water.
What’s more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment. Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30%.
Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the locals climatem, soil, and water conditions. They may attract local wildlife such as native birds. Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week. Once the native plants establish the necessary root system, it will require little care.
Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems. However, you don’t need to be a professional environmental engineer to create a rain garden. As long as you’re eco-conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards.
小题1:Which of the following is the eco-friendly function of rain gardens discussed in Paragraph 4?
A.They can keep the rain and storm water. |
B.They can help reduce the pollution problem. |
C.They can be healthy for the people around. |
D.They can make the environment more beautiful. |
A.they cost less and are much easier to get |
B.they may attract local wildlife to come |
C.they require little care from the local gardeners |
D.they are more used to the local growing conditions |
A.They need little water after all the plants are planted. |
B.They usually need at least an inch of rainwater a week. |
C.They may attract local birds and change the locals climate. |
D.They may reduce the water pollution problem by 70%. |
A.Homeowners. | B.Governors. | C.Engineers, | D.Educators. |
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