题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
The system, called driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue（疲劳）.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver’s response.
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.
小题1:How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?
| A．By sounding a warning. |
| B．By touching the wristband. |
| C．By checking the driving time. |
| D．By pressing the steering wheel. |
| A．about 400 milliseconds | B．below 500 milliseconds |
| C．over 500 milliseconds | D．about 4 minutes |
| A．moves more regularly |
| B．stops working properly |
| C．opens the window for the driver |
| D．sounds more frequently and loudly |
| A．aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents |
| B．has gone through testing at laboratories |
| C．aims to prevent drivers from sleeping |
| D．has been on sale for 12 months |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析
试题分析：在本文中作者介绍了一种新发明的、叫driver Alert的汽车装置，这种装置每四分钟发出一次声音，司机要通过按压方向盘来对此回应，以表明司机没有困倦，如果反应超过标准的时间，则说明司机疲劳驾驶，需要停车休息。这种装置目前正处于试验阶段，据说能减少20%--40%因疲劳而造成的意外。
小题1:D细节理解题。根据文章第三段After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘).可知司机听到Driver Alert所发出的声音时要按压方向盘，答案选D。
小题2:C细节理解题。根据文章第四段a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.可知司机需要休息的反应时间为500毫秒以上，答案选C。
小题3:D细节理解题。从文章四、五段内容可知如果司机对Driver Alert 的声音反应不及时，就表明司机困倦了，在这种情况下这种装置就会发生均匀的、很大的声音以提醒司机，（In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds）, 故D选项内容正确。
小题4:A细节理解题。根据文章第二段The system, called driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%--40% that are caused by tiredness.可知这项装置的目的在于提醒司机，以减少因疲劳驾驶而发生的意外，答案选A。
核心考点
试题【A device that stops drivers from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Nanotechnology gets its name from the nanometer, which is a billionth of a meter. There are about 600 consumer products already on the market that use nanotechnology. Nanomedicine is also being developed to fight cancer and other fatal diseases.
The Royal Commission found no evidence of harm to health or the environment from nanomaterials, but this “absence of evidence” is not being taken as “evidence of absence”. In other words, just because there are no apparent problems, this is not to say that here is no risk now or in the future. The commission is concerned about the pace at which we are inventing and adopting new nanomaterials, which could result in future problems that we are ill-equipped to understand or even find with current testing methods.
One of the problems about nanotechnology is that when we make something very small out of a well known material, we may actually change the functionality of that material even if the chemical composition remains the same. Indeed, it is not the particle（颗粒）size that should concern us, but its functionality. Take gold, for example, which is a famously inert (惰性) substance, and valuable because of it. It doesn’t rust or corrode because it doesn’t interact with water or oxygen. However, a particle of gold that is between 2 and 5 nanometers in diameter becomes highly reactive. This is not due to a change in chemical composition, but because of a change in the physical size of the gold particles. How can a change in size result in a change of function? One reason is to do with surface area. Nanoparticles have relatively a much bigger surface area. It is like comparing the surface area of a basketball with the total surface area of many pea-sized balls with the same weight of the single basketball. The pea-sized balls have a surface area many hundreds, indeed thousands of times bigger than the basketball, and this allows them to interact more easily with the environment. It is this increased interactivity that changes their functionality—and makes them potentially more dangerous to health or the environment.
小题1:Why does the writer mention microtechnology in the first paragraph?
| A．to introduce the topic of nanotechnology |
| B．to help us better understand nanotechnology |
| C．to help us know more about microtechnology |
| D．to compare microtechnology with nanotechnology |
| A．gold is valuable because it is an inert substance |
| B．an inert substance like gold doesn’t interact with water or oxygen |
| C．the function of gold is steady because it is an inert substance |
| D．the function of gold changes when made into something very small |
| A．expand surface area →increase interactivity → change functionality→cause possible dangers |
| B．expand surface area → change functionality → increase interactivity →cause possible dangers |
| C．increase interactivity → expand surface area → change functionality→cause possible dangers |
| D．increase interactivity → change functionality → expand surface area→cause possible dangers |
| A．the introduction of nanotechnology and its wide use |
| B．the present use of nanotechnology and its future |
| C．the potential danger nanotechnology may bring us |
| D．the proposal to stop nanotechnology due to the potential danger |
The new kitchen is designed to be used in schools, universities and even people’s homes. It could also be an existing kitchen. The first version of the technology was tested in the kitchens of project partner Newcastle University. The kitchen could be available for schools and universities, and for the UK market by the June of 2014.
The Newcastle University team is now working on ways to put it on the market. And the European Union has given money to begin programs in six other languages, including English Italian and Spanish. Finally, versions could be developed for any language cuisine（烹饪法）in the world.
Professor Paul says, “By international standards, the UK students are now poor when it comes to learning languages—a problem that certainly has an economic influence. We believe that developing skills in a country’s language and its cuisine will help change the trend.”
On a computer fixed into the kitchen, the user first selects the French recipe（菜谱）they want to follow. Digital sensors built into dishes, containers and other equipment then communicate with the computer to make sure the right instructions are given at the right time, the user can ask the computer to repeat an instruction, or translate it into English, simply by pressing the touch screen. After cooking, the user can test what they have learned by carrying out a short test on the computer.
All grammar and vocabulary has been carefully selected to make sure that using the kitchen adds to basic proficiency（熟练）in understanding French.
Now three easy-carrying versions of the kitchen are being prepared. They’re to be fixed in Newcastle University and at Institute Francais, a London-based charity devoted to teaching the French language.
小题1:The new kitchen is designed mainly to __________.
| A．increase people’s interest in cooking |
| B．teach people how to cook French dishes |
| C．offer people a new way to learn languages |
| D．help cooks learn spoken French in the kitchen |
| A．It has versions in six languages now. |
| B．It is already available for sale in the UK. |
| C．It has received strong support from the EU. |
| D．It can be used only in schools and university. |
| A．it will give him a test on his cooking skills |
| B．it can translate French into another language |
| C．the cooking process will stop if he goes wrong |
| D．he must be careful so as not to make mistakes |
| A．UK students have problems in language learning. |
| B．New technology helps students learning cooking. |
| C．An enjoyable and rewarding real-life activity. |
| D．A Talking Kitchen That Teaches You French. |
1．Digital money
We used to pay with cash for everything we bought. Now when we swipe(刷) our bus pass or use a credit card to shop online, money is spent without us even seeing it. In fact, we are already using one type of digital money.
You have to admit that using a card is much easier than searching your pockets for change. It is also safer than carrying a lot of cash.
When ATM cards were first introduced, they were not accepted everywhere. But now it"s hard to live without them. People in Sweden completely stopped using cash last year, according to the Associated Press, and the US might be next.
2．Bionic(能力超人的)eye
It"s no longer something only in a scifi movie. People who are blind may have a chance to get their sight back—by wearing bionic eyes.
A blind eye can no longer sense light, but a bionic eye can use a camera to “see” the environment and send data directly to the brain.
Although the bionic eye that"s out now only allows patients to see lights and unclear shapes, a highresolution(高清晰度的) version could be just a few years away.
3．Selfdriving cars
Everything is going automatic these days—washing machines, ticket selling machines and even cars. Unlike a human driver, a selfdriving car won"t get distracted by a phone call, the radio or something outside the window. Sensors and cameras on the car would allow it to stick strictly to the rules of the road and keep a safe distance from other cars. This would greatly reduce the number of road accidents. You could even take a nap while the car drives itself.
Many vehicle companies are now planning selfdriving cars. “By 2040, driverless vehicles will be widely accepted and possibly be the dominant vehicles on the road，” said Jeffrey Miller, professor at the University of Alaska Anchorage, US, in Wired magazine.
小题1:The underlined word “distracted” in the article is closest in meaning to “________”．
| A．directed | B．discouraged |
| C．attacked | D．disturbed |
| A．optimistic | B．pessimistic |
| C．doubtful | D．cautious |
| A．Learning Kit | B．Campus Trends |
| C．Entertainment | D．Technology |
However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of seaside holidays, overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.
Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holidaymakers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.
Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The onetime farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn"t happier in his village working his own land.
Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years" time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.
小题1:What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?
| A．The Pacific island is a paradise. |
| B．The Pacific island is worth visiting. |
| C．The advertisement is not convincing. |
| D．The advertisement is not impressive. |
| A．its natural resources are untouched |
| B．its forests are exploited for farmland |
| C．it develops well in health and education |
| D．it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists |
| A．They are happy to work their own lands. |
| B．They have to please the tourists for a living. |
| C．They have to struggle for their independence. |
| D．They are proud of working in multinational organizations. |
| A．The number of tourists. |
| B．The improvement of services. |
| C．The promotion of new products. |
| D．The management of tourism. |
| A．optimistic | B．doubtful |
| C．objective | D．negative |
“If you want to be a top tutor, it definitely helps if you are young and attractive. Students look at your appearance，” said Kelly Mok, 26, a “tutor queen” at King"s Glory, one of Hong Kong"s largest tutorial establishments.
Richard Eng from Beacon College, a former secondary school teacher, is often credited with being the first of Hong Kong"s “star tutors”. “In school all the teachers look the same, there"s no excitement，” he said.
The celebrity tutor phenomenon is a result of the huge growth in outofschool tutoring in Asia. It is fuelled by highly pressured examination systems and ambitious parents wanting their children to secure places at top universities and highstatus secondary schools.
In societies where success is_equated_with good exam results, parental anxiety converts into a “steady stream of revenue(收入)” for tutoring establishments, according to a study by the Asian Development Bank (ADB)．
The tutoring industry, or “shadow education” as the ADB calls it, has become very widespread in Asia, fed by the growth in universities and the rising proportion of school leavers aiming for university. Hong Kong University"s professor Mark Bray, one of the authors of the ADB study, said a staggering 72% of finalyear school students in Hong Kong now go to private tutors.
It"s not just Hong Kong. Tutoring has “spread and intensified(强化) in Asia and become more commercialized，” said Professor Bray. In South Korea, 90% of primary school children attend such classes. In China, New Oriental Education and Technology has grown to become one of the largest tutoring schools in Asia with around 2.4 million students this year. In South Korea, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India, tutorial schools use star tutors to attract even more students.
小题1:According to Kelly Mok, tutors ________.
| A．have a lot in common with school teachers |
| B．benefit much from their appearances |
| C．become more and more popular in the world |
| D．have much more pressure than in the past |
| A．Kelly Mok. | B．Richard Eng. |
| C．Mark Bray. | D．Not mentioned. |
| A．the number of school leavers is increasing |
| B．tutoring may improve achievement for individual students |
| C．star tutors have attracted 2.4 million students |
| D．more and more students in Asia go to private tutors |
| A．is equal to | B．leads to |
| C．results in | D．is different from |
| A．An English newspaper. | B．A travel guide. |
| C．A fashion magazine. | D．A physics book. |
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