题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The number of hospitalizations for heart disease and stroke went down significantly among a certain group of people at a certain time of year. What folks, and what time of year, you ask? Flu season and the lucky people were the ones who got flu shots(流感疫苗).
It’s generally recommended that people over fifty get their flu shots every year. Influenza(流行性感冒) is no small thing. it’s responsible for around thirty six thousand deaths a year in the U. S. alone. Getting the shots also cuts down on the chances of getting pneumonia(肺炎), which is especially dangerous in seniors.
But what wasn’t known was that there seems to be an added benefit to getting a flu shots in terms of warding off heart problems. The data,in fact, are quite strong in suggesting this is the case.
In this study, flu shots cut clown the number of hospitalizations for heart disease by nineteen percent. Stroke went down sixteen percent one season and a whopping twenty-three percent a second season.These are big results.
So what"s the connection between getting a flu shot and having a stronger heart? It isn’t yet known.
Researchers speculate that the flu virus itself may do damage to blood vessels(血管), possibly making clots(血块)more likely. Blood clots in the heart can cause heart attacks, and blood clots in the brain can cause strokes.
Whatever the specific details are, there"s one more good reason to follow your doctor’ s advice and get that annual flu shot.
小题1:According to the study, the number of hospitalizations for heart disease and stroke went down significanntly among the ones who _____.
A.got flu shots after they were ill |
B.got flu shots before they were ill |
C.got flu shots at the flu season |
D.got flu shots whenever convenient |
A.it can cut down on the chances of gettingpneumonia |
B.it can cut down the number of hospitalizations for heart disease |
C.it can kill the flu virus |
D.if can make blood clots |
A.keeping away | B.dealing with | C.setting off | D. picking up |
A.work out to fight against influenza | B.get flu shot every year |
C.follow our doctor"s all advice | D.protect our blood vessels |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B
解析
试题分析:一定恨透了流感吧?头疼脑热,四肢无力,涕泪四流……但你是否知道偶尔患患流感能降低罹患心脏病与中风的危险呢?让我们一起来听听研究人员的新发现吧。。
小题1:细节理解题。由“Flu season and the lucky people were the ones who got flu shots(流感疫苗).”可知接种了流感疫苗的人患心脏病和中风更少些 。故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。由“Researchers speculate that the flu virus itself may do damage to blood vessels(血管), possibly making clots(血块)more likely. ”可知血液会更快速的凝结成块,这会在心脏里堆积导致心脏病 。故选D。
小题3:词义猜测题。从上下文可知流感疫苗有某种好处,所以推断是“避免”心脏病 。keeping away 远离;dealing with处理;setting off使爆炸;picking up捡起。故选A。
小题4:细节理解题。由“Whatever the specific details are, there"s one more good reason to follow your doctor’ s advice and get that annual flu shot.”可知每年接种流感疫苗更安全些 。故选B。
核心考点
试题【Researchers conducting a study of hospital stays for over two hundred and eighty】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
An estimated 80 percent of American adults think music lessons improve children"s abilily to learn or their performance in school. They say that the satisfaction for learning to play a new song helps a child express creativity.
Researchers at Harvard University, however, have found that there"s one thing musical training does not do. They say it does not make children more intelligent. Samuel Mehr is a graduate student at Harvard"s School of Education. He said it is wrong to think that learning to play a musical instrument improves a child"s intellectual development. He says the evidence comes from studies that measured the mental ability of two groups of 4-year-olds and their parents. One group attended music class, the other went to a class that places importance on the visual arts—arts that can be seen.
"The evidence there is "no". We found no evidence for any advantage on any of these tests for the kids participating in these music clases," said Mehr.Samuel Mehr says researchers have carried out many studies in an effort to learn whether musical training can make children smarter. He says the results have been mixed. He says only one study seems to show a small percentage increase in IQ, intellectual scores among students after one year of music lessons. He does not believe that IQ is a good measure of child"s intelligence. He says researchers in his study compared how well children in the musical training group did on mental processing tasks or projects, then the results were compared to those of children who did not take lessons. There was no evidence that the musical training group did much better on the mental tasks than the other group.
The researchers comfirmed the results with a larger group of children and their parents.Mr Mehr says music lessons may not offer children a fast easy way to gain entry to the best schools later of their life. But he says the training is still important for cultural reasons. In his words, "We teach music because music is important for us."
小题1:According to the new study, musical training______.
A.makes children smarter |
B.helps a child express creativity |
C.does not make children more intelligent |
D.improve children"s ability to learn in school |
A.the children who attended music class are smarter than those who attended arts class |
B.IQ is a good measure of a child"s intelligence |
C.we needn"t to teach children music |
D.music training is still important for cultural reasons |
A.conducted more than one research |
B.interviewed many American adults |
C.taught two groups of 4-yetr-olds music and arts |
D.offered children a fast way to be admitted to the best schools |
A.health | B.education | C.culture | D.economy |
A California company — BrightSource Energy is building a huge solar power plant in the Mojave desert, about 60 kilometers southwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. The plant is known as the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System. Joe Desmond works for the company. "This is actually one of the highest concentrations of sunlight in the world, out here in Ivanpah." explained Desmond. BrightSource Energy will deploy 170,000 specially designed mirrors to direct solar energy towards boilers on top of three power towers. The steam produced in the boilers will drive turbine (涡轮) to make electricity. Joe Desmond says the steam can reach temperatures of more than 260 degrees Celsius. "We can store the sun"s thermal energy in the form of molten salt, so we can produce electricity even when the sun goes down. There is a lot of interest in concentrating solar power around the globe in environmnents where you have lots of sun, such as China, South Africa, the Middle East, North Africa, explained Desmond.
Environmentalists generally support the idea of solar power, however, many are concerned about the effect of power plants on sensitive environment. Lisa Belenky is a lawyer with the Center for Biological Diversity, a private group. She says environmentalists are specifically worried about the effect of the Ivanpah Solar Project on the sensitive plant and animal life in that part of Mojave desert. "Even though the desert seems big, when you start cutting it up, it can really affect how the species and the animals and the plants are able to survive in the long run,"said Lisa Belenky. BrightSource Energy has already spent more than $ 50 million to move endangered desert tortoises away from the power plant. but Lisa Belenky says this is not the answer. "We should be reusing areas that have a1ready been disturbed, like old mining sites, for example...either on homes, on businesses, parking lots." said Belenky.
There have also been reports of birds dying at the Ivanpah Plant and others like it.
Some birds die after colliding with solar equipment which the animals mistake for water. Other birds were killed or suffered burns after flying through the intense heat at the solar thermal plant. As solar projects increase, environmentalists and developers are considering what to do to reduce bird death.
小题1:Why is the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System being built in the desert?
A.Because the temperature is extremely high in the desert. |
B.Because there is no life in the desert. |
C.Because there is much salt in the desert. |
D.Because sunlight is highly focused in the desert. |
A.Because the sun"s thermal energy can be stored in the form of steam. |
B.Because the sun"s thermal energy can be stored in the form of molten salt. |
C.Because the sun"ss thermal energy can be stored through mirrors |
D.Because the sun"s thermal energy can be stored in the boilers. |
A. we should move all the plants and animals away from the solar plant
B. we should guide the bird not to hit the solar plant
C we should build the solar plant in disturbed areas
D. we should build the solar plant in the desert
小题4:The author’s attitude towards the solar projects is _____.
A.supportive | B.critical | C.indifferent | D.cautious |
Here are a few tips to kelp you remain calm in the face of the storm:
• Don"t Panic You are better able to find a solution if you aren"t panicking. If you can keep your head when others are losing theirs, you will be able to make a dear decision in the chaos.
• There Aren"t Many True Emergenaes My time as a Naval Officer taught me about true emergencies. In the military, when there is a problem, people can get hurt or die. This is not usually the case when the office copier or email server goes down. Keep things in perspective. There are very few true emergencies in life.
• Avoid the "Fight or Flight" When you are stressed, your body will want to go into "fight or flight." Your body was designed to keep you safe from danger, but its natural reflexes aren"t always the best solution against a project gone away. Keep your emotions in check and ensure that your physical reflexes don’t make bad decisions for you.
• Head Into The Problem While everyone else is running away, true leaders walk into a problem. Sticking your head in the sand only makes things worse. Instead of trying to ignore the situition, get to the heart of the issue as soon as possible. Only then can you address it
How Will You React? When you find yourself ready to lose it, take a step back. Ask, "In this truly an emergcncy?" Keep your head when others are losing theirs. And you"ll find that you are that much closer to a solution.
小题1:The author writes the first paragraph in order to______.
A.describe a chaotic day | B.advocate a way of life | C.introduce a topic | D.make a joke |
A.low your head | B.keep your head | C.shake your head | D.stick your head |
A.there are seldom true emergencies in life |
B.there are many true emergencies in life |
C.some emergencies are really urgent |
D.some emergencies can"t be predicted |
A.Fight or Flight |
B.True emergencies |
C.Less Talking, More Doing |
D.Keep calm in the face of the storm |
On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.
Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.
小题1:The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means_______.
A.keep | B. build | C.recreate | D.evaluate |
A.free students from outside pressures |
B.set the standards and rules on his own |
C.be responsible for a well-organized class |
D.focus more on instruction and evaluation |
A.rules cannot be changed once they’re formed |
B.outside pressures can not cause tension among students |
C.if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his task |
D.if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess |
A.To provide information for teaching. |
B.To show the importance of teaching a class. |
C.To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom. |
D.To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class. |
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster”, did not work as well.
The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables—either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas—in laboratory taste tests, the study said.
Researchers randomly assigned (分派) 173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where Parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day for 12 days. Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables—and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround(转机) also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later.
Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.
小题1:The purpose of writing the passage is .
A.to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet |
B.to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables |
C.to explain why children hate to eat vegetables |
D.to present a proper way of verbal praise to parents |
A.shoot from behind the back |
B.make a fire in the backyard |
C.produce an unexpected result |
D.achieve what was planned |
A.Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery. |
B.Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables. |
C.Oral praise works quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables. |
D.It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables. |
A.Children like rewards, not verbal praise. |
B.Parents should give up verbal praise. |
C.Children are difficult to inspire. |
D.Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone. |
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