题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
This may sound a little ridiculous at first. But try to think of a time when you were extremely nervous. Chances are that you also felt uncomfortable in your stomach, didn’t you? This is probably why people use the idiom “butterflies in one’s stomach” to refer to being nervous.
Now scientists from Canada and the US have found that our guts (肠道), if not as bright as our actual brains, are much more than just where we digest the food we eat. They also affect our emotions and even behavior, all thanks to the bacteria in them, reported Scientific American.
In the study, scientists fed timid mice stomach bacteria from mice that were more active and daring. After eating the bacteria, the timid mice grew more energetic and fearless. Sure enough, when bold mice got the bacteria from timid ones, they became more anxious. The mice’s behavior also changed when scientists disturbed the bacteria in their guts by changing their diets and feeding them antibiotics (抗生素).
“If something goes wrong in the gut, that change is reflected in the brain,” Emeran Mayer, a professor at University of California, Los Angeles, told The Huffington Post.
The brain-and-gut connection also works in the opposite way. Scientists studied children with autism (自闭症) --- a mental illness that makes people unable to socialize with others --- and found that they also have a lot of stomach problems. They have fewer types of stomach bacteria and lower totals of a few key bacteria than healthy children.
This research raises the possibility that scientists could treat patients with brain problems simply by feeding them the right food, which would be much more efficient than providing psychological therapy (疗法).
According to CBC News, you can get “good” bacteria that lift your spirits from food like yogurt while “bad” bacteria are usually in high fat and high sugar foods.
小题1:What is the author’s attitude toward Byron Robinson’s theory of two human brains?
A.Unsatisfied. | B.Doubtful. | C.Positive. | D.Negative. |
A.describe the symptoms of nervousness |
B.suggest a connection between our stomach and our emotions |
C.hint at the danger of nervous feelings |
D.encourage people to calm down and relax |
A.anxious | B.fearless | C.energetic | D.sharp |
A.people with mental illnesses are more likely to have stomach problems |
B.the use of antibiotics can turn timid mice into daring ones |
C.timid mice have fewer types of stomach bacteria than daring mice |
D.people must consider changing their diets when they feel anxious |
A.psychological therapy has never worked before for autistic children |
B.yogurt is the best solution for anxiety problems |
C.high fat and high sugar foods are responsible for many mental diseases |
D.diet changes can lead to mood changes |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:D
解析
试题分析:文章介绍Byron Robinson 的理论说,人的大脑和肚子各有一个大脑,接下来通过一些短语和实验来证明这种说法是有道理的,因此可以通过改变饮食改变人的情绪。
小题1:推理题:根据文章第一段的句子:Interestingly, in Chinese culture, thoughts are also related to the belly in phrases and idioms like fugao (腹稿, a draft), manfu jinglun (满腹经纶, a bellyful of ideas), and yiduzi weiqu (一肚子委屈, a bellyful of complaints).可知作者用中国文化中肚子和大脑有关的词来证明Byron Robinson的理论还是有一些道理的,选C。
小题2:推理题:文章第二段提到Byron Robinson 的理论说:人的大脑和肚子各有一个大脑,第二段提到一些此类相关的词汇,所以活似想证明这个说法,选B
小题3:猜词题:根据第四段的句子:scientists fed timid mice stomach bacteria from mice that were more active and daring.可知是两种老鼠,一种是胆小的,一种是积极的,胆子比较大的,而这句话提到timid,所以是和胆大的老鼠对比,选B
小题4:细节题:从倒数第三段的句子:The brain-and-gut connection also works in the opposite way. Scientists studied children with autism (自闭症) --- a mental illness that makes people unable to socialize with others --- and found that they also have a lot of stomach problems. 可知自闭症的孩子会有胃部不适的问题,所以选A
小题5:推理题:根据文章最后一段的句子:According to CBC News, you can get “good” bacteria that lift your spirits from food like yogurt while “bad” bacteria are usually in high fat and high sugar foods.
可知饮食的改变可以改变人的情绪,选D
核心考点
试题【Back in the early 1900s, American physician Byron Robinson wrote a book proposin】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
But college can never work its magic for everyone. Now with half our high school graduates attending college, those unfit for the pattern are getting more. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the fierce competition for admission into graduate schools. Others find no stimulation (激励) in their studies, and consequently have to drop out, which is often encouraged by college administrators.
Some observers say the fault lies with young people themselves --- they are spoiled and expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation (谴责)of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame our society. Both are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.
Some campus watchers suggest that college may not be the best, the proper or the only place for every young person after finishing high school. It seems that through the rosy (玫瑰的) glow of our own college experiences, we may have been looking at those surveys and statistics upside down. Perhaps college does not make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, or quick to learn things—maybe it is just the other way around. Intelligent, ambitious, happy, quick-learning people are merely those who are attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful even without college education. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to pile up.
小题1:According to the first paragraph, ______.
A.people now no longer challenge college education |
B.people have great expectations for college education |
C.the author thinks youngsters should all go to college |
D.people still have a low opinion of college education |
A.they are no longer motivated in their studies |
B.they can start selling shoes and driving taxis |
C.they compete for admission to graduate schools |
D.college administrators encourage them to do so |
A.young students who are all spoiled and expecting too much. |
B.our society that can’t offer enough jobs to college graduates. |
C.our society that has not enough jobs for high school graduates. |
D.young people as well as our society are to blame for all this. |
A.They prove high school graduates are smarter than college graduates. |
B.They are so convincing that we think of our rosy college experiences. |
C.They may have been misread because of our rosy college experiences. |
D.They prove wrong because they contradict our rosy college experiences. |
A.It is just the opposite | B.There is no right way |
C.It is the wrong way | D.There’s no other way |
A.To inform young people college education is no longer important now. |
B.To prove college education doesn’t make young people more intelligent. |
C.Toargueagainsttheideathatcollegeisthefirst choiceforallyoungsters. |
D.To tell young people that there’s something wrong with college education. |
NASA has estimated that Apophis has an outside chance of hitting the Earth in 2036. If it did hit us, thousands of square kilometers would be directly affected by the explosion but the whole of the Earth would see the effects of the dust sent into the atmosphere. At a recent meeting of experts in Near-Earth objects (NEOs) in London, scientists said it could take decades to design, test and build the required technology to deflect the asteroid.
The Apophis asteroid is placed at four out of ten on the Torino scale—a measure of the threat caused by an NEO where 10 is a certain collision which could cause a global disaster. This is the most possible danger of any asteroid in recorded history and it has a 1 in 37 chance of hitting the Earth.
Alan Fitzsimmons, an astronomer from Queen’s University Belfast, said, “When it does pass close to us on April 13, 2029, the Earth will deflect it and change its orbit. There is a small possibility that if it passes through a particular point in space, the so-called keyhole, the Earth’s gravity will change things so that when it comes back around again in 2036, it will collide with us.” The chance of Apophis passing through the keyhole, a 600-meter patch of space, is 1 in 5,500, based on current information.
There is no shortage of ideas on how to deflect asteroids. The Advanced Concepts Team at the European Space Agency has led the effort in designing a range of satellites and rockets to nudge asteroids that are on a collision course for Earth into a different orbit.
小题1:The best title for this passage would be ___________.
A.Apophis Asteroid, a Possible Destroyer of Earth |
B.Apophis, a Good Name for Dangerous Asteroid |
C.Our Planet Will Be Ruined in 2036 |
D.Scientists Study Apophis Asteroid |
A.powerful | B.mysterious | C.boring | D.destructive |
A.destroy the quality of |
B.change the direction of |
C.measure the size of |
D.look into the truth of |
A.If Apophis hit the earth, its impact would be enormous. |
B.No way to deal with Apophis is available at present. |
C.Apophis is the first dangerous asteroid in recorded history. |
D.It is uncertain whether Apophis will hit the earth in 2036. |
A.An Egyptian myth about Apophis. |
B.NASA’s study on NEOs. |
C.How the keyhole influences Apophis. |
D.What methods can be used to deflect the asteroid. |
March 25, 2014 Chengdu Michelle Obama
You see, the truth is that I grew up like many of you. My mom, my dad, my brother and I, we lived in a tiny apartment in Chicago, which is one of the largest cities in America. My father worked at the local water plant…
While we certainly weren’t rich, my parents had big dreams for me and my brother. They had only a high school education themselves, but they were determined to send us both to universities.
So they poured all of their love and all of their hope into us, and they worked hard. They saved every penny. And I know that wasn’t easy for them, especially for my father. You see, my father had serious illness called multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化症). And as he got sicker, it got harder for him to walk, and it took him longer to get dressed in the morning.
But no matter how tired he felt, no matter how much pain he was in, my father hardly ever missed a day of work, because he was determined to give me and my brother a better life. And every day, like so many of you, I felt the weight of my parents’ sacrifices on my shoulders. Every day, I wanted to make them proud.
So, while most American kids attend public schools near their homes, when it was time for me to attend high school, I took an exam and got into a special public high school where I could get a better education. But the school was very far from my home, so I had to get up early every morning and ride a bus for an hour, sometimes an hour and a half if the weather was bad. And every afternoon, I’d ride that same bus back home and then immediately start my homework, often studying late into the night – and sometimes I would wake up at 4:30 or 5:00 in the morning to study even more.
And it wasn’t easy. But whenever I got tired or discouraged, I would just think about how hard my parents were working for me. And I would remember something my mother always told me – she said, “A good education is something that no one can take away from you.”
小题1:The passage can be sorted as a .
A.self-introduction | B.short story | C.news report | D.speech draft (草稿) |
A.Her parents were poor but had good educational backgrounds. |
B.She attended a public high school near her home. |
C.Her father suffered a serious disease and became disabled. |
D.She was aware of her parents’ sacrifices and expectations. |
A.Optimistic. | B.Humorous. | C.Strong-minded | D.Generous |
A.We should work hard and get good educations. |
B.Our parents always have high expectations for us. |
C.She is an ordinary person from an ordinary family. |
D.The road to the US First Lady is not easy. |
If you’ve ever inflated a balloon and then let it go, you’ve got the basics to test-drive the amazing MiniCAT, currently being developed by Noteur Development International (MDI), headquartered in Luxembourg. Invented by Formula One racing car designer Guy Negre, this experimental vehicle is unlike any car you’ve ever seen. While your family’s traditional car or SUV draws its horsepower using combustion, the only fuel that MiniCAT needs (CAT stands for Compressed Air Technology) is the air we breathe.
Start with about 25,000 gallons of air. Now, press it all into a space smaller than your school locker—because that’s the size of two super-strong, high-pressure air tanks, made from fiber and fixed beneath the air car.
Confining that much air inside those small tanks generates an internal pressure of over 4,000 pounds per square inch. That’s over 300 times normal air pressure.
When this cold, high-pressure air enters MiniCAT’s unique engine, it interacts(交互作用) with warmer air to create pressure waves that pump the engine’s engineered pistons (活塞) to move the car. MiniCAT’s projected top speed is 60 miles per hour, with a range of 120 miles on a full air supply.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A.Ways to cut down air pollution. |
B.Cars that run on thin air. |
C.Formula One racing car designer. |
D.Dependence on foreign oil. |
A.The name of a car. |
B.The name of a balloon. |
C.The name of a car company. |
D.The name of a car designer. |
A.Keeping | B.Preventing | C.Pushing | D.Running |
A.How much pressure the air creates. |
B.How the car works. |
C.What the normal air pressure is. |
D.How the air gets into the engine. |
Things were similar last year in the Sichuan earthquake. Thousands of people were buried in the ruins and lost their lives. What if we could have warned them?
People are always racking their brains to find a way of preventing buildings’ collapse. Better materials and technology help,but they are not a solution.
Just like humans,a building has its own life cycle from “birth” to “death”.If we know when a building is going to collapse,we can repair it in advance or get out of it before it falls.
Now,scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a material that turns red before it breaks. The invention could be used in things like climbing ropes or bridge supports.
The research was led by Nancy Sottos,a professor at the university’s Beckman Institute,and Douglas Davis,a graduate research assistant.
The secret behind the colorchanging material is a type of molecule (分子).A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Imagine you and your friends standing in a circle,holding hands. Each person stands for one atom,your hands represent the bonds,and the entire circle represents a molecule. If one person lets go of his or her hands,the molecule changes color.
The research team put the molecule into a soft material. When the researchers stretched the material,it turned bright red for a few seconds before it broke into two pieces. When they repeatedly stretched and relaxed the material,without breaking it,it only turned a little red.
The major problem is that light can get rid of the red color. When the team shone bright light on the molecule,the broken bond was fixed,and the color disappeared.
If the bright light keeps the red color from appearing,the material’s warning system will be useless. Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorchanging molecules can be used outside the lab.
小题1:What does the passage mainly introduce?
A.The collapse of an overpass in Zhuzhou,Hunan Province. |
B.The Sichuan earthquake |
C.A material that turns red before it breaks. |
D.A way of preventing building from collapsing. |
A.suffering a lot | B.collecting beyond imagination |
C.losing a lot | D.thinking very hard |
A.Thousands of people died from the collapse of buildings in the Sichuan earthquake because they hadn’t been warned. |
B.There is no building that will never collapse. |
C.A new material has been applied to buildings to warn people of collapse. |
D.A colorchanging material can turn red before it breaks. |
A.The colorchanging molecules are certain to be used outside the lab. |
B.There will be no collapse with the help of the colorchanging material. |
C.There is a long way to go before the material can be applied. |
D.The problem caused by bright light will be solved by scientists. |
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