题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Euphemisms are an important part of every language,but it seems that English has an evergrowing number of them.The nonnative speaker not only has to make sense of the euphemisms he hears,he also has to learn which euphemisms are appropriate in any particular situation.He might be aware that his American friend needs to use the toilet when she asks where the bathroom (or restroom,or comfort station) is,but he is less likely to guess that his English friend has the same need when he says he has to see a man about a dog.He might have learned,for example,that in the family way is a euphemism for pregnant.If,however,he says to his boss,“Congratulations!I hear your wife is in the family way,” he would be using an expression that is too familiar for the circumstances.
Schools are full of euphemisms.At Frankfurt International School,for example,the special lessons given to students who are having difficulties in their school subjects are called Study Center (in the middle school) and Academic Workshop (in the high school).Teachers rightly do not want to upset students or parents by being too frank or straightforward,and usually choose a softer word or expression to convey the same message.
小题1:According to the passage,people use euphemisms in order to________.
A.make themselves understood |
B.avoid embarrassment |
C.to sound straightforward |
D.attract attention |
A.tall and handsome | B.pretty and slim |
C.ugly but tall | D.ugly and fat |
A.have her old dog killed | B.see an ugly friend |
C.go to the toilet | D.see a pregnant woman |
A.stress that euphemisms are an important part of every language |
B.inform readers that English has an evergrowing number of euphemisms |
C.suggest nonnative speakers use euphemisms as often as possible |
D.warn English learners to be careful about the meaning and use of euphemisms |
A.have poor grades in the subjects |
B.do well in school |
C.work hard at their lessons |
D.prefer to learn more |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:A
解析
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了委婉语在英语中的广泛应用,并提醒英语学习者,要在沟通中注意委婉语的意思和用法,以免出现尴尬状况。
小题1:解析: 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“A euphemism (from the Greek words eu—well and pheme—speak) is a word or expression that is used when people want to find a polite or less direct way of talking about difficult or embarrassing topics like death or the bodily functions.”可知,答案B“为了避免尴尬”符合文意。
答案: B
小题2:解析: 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Many people prefer to call someone plain than ugly,or cuddly rather than fat.”可知,答案D符合文意。
答案: D
小题3:解析: 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“He might be aware that his American friend n3eds to use the toilet when she asks where the bathroom (or restroom,or comfort station) is,but he is less likely to guess that his English friend has the same need when he says he has to see a man about a dog.”可知,答案C符合文意。
答案: C
小题4:解析: 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“...not only has to make sense of the...also has to learn...in any particular situation.”及对第二段的整体理解可知,列举了英语中应用委婉语的不同情形,从而给英语学习者提醒:要在沟通中注意委婉语的意思和用法,以免出现尴尬状况。
答案: D
小题5:解析: 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“At Frankfurt International School,for example,the special lessons given to students who are having difficulties in their school subjects are called Study Center (in the middle school) and Academic Workshop (in the high school).”可知,答案A符合文意。
答案: A
核心考点
试题【A euphemism (from the Greek words eu—well and pheme—speak) is a word or expressi】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.
Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it,its use is limited in the nation.
“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy,” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji,a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power,which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs,and increased interest in alternative energies,which accounted for only 8 percent.
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy,following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.
For now,geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan,which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.
“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric,adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said,“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington,US,believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology,with a 70 percent market share.In 2010,Fuji Electric built the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.
小题1:What would be the best title for the text?
A.Alternative energies in Japan |
B.World’s largest geothermal plant |
C.Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology |
D.Japan thinks of geothermal energy |
A.About 8%. | B.Below 1%. |
C.Around 30%. | D.Over 80%. |
A.a change of rules | B.financial support |
C.local people’s help | D.high technology |
A.Yoshiyasu Takefuji | B.Hideaki Matsui |
C.Shigeto Yamada | D.Yoko Ono |
A.the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America |
B.Japan will not export its geothermal technology |
C.the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is great |
D.it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan |
Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm,Sweden.He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States.There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay.Mr Brown says,“They just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.And,then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived.They actually put their home address in.So again,the GPS is kind of ‘garbage in garbage out’.”
Mr Brown says this is a common human error,but what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings,or failures,of GPS equipment.He says,“One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn.Because they just give you the next turn,sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.”
Mr Brown says,“One of the things that struck us,perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you’re doing when you use a GPS.There are these new skills that people have developed.There are these new competencies (资格) that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.This goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills.”
Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers,passengers and GPS systems work together.
小题1:According to Barry Brow,in most cases,________are blame for the problems.
A.human errors |
B.GPS errors |
C.errors caused by both drivers and GPS |
D.errors caused by putting in a wrong address |
A.GPS is nothing but garbage |
B.GPS is still not accurate enough |
C.it is difficult for drivers to use GPS equipment |
D.sometimes drivers are responsible for the problem |
A.it’s impossible to drive from the east to the west in the US |
B.Barry Brown’s friend went to Stockholm,Sweden by plane |
C.given wrong instructions,the GPS will produce wrong results |
D.GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills |
A.It just tells the driver to turn once at a time. |
B.It gives the driver the overview. |
C.Its screen is too small to be seen clearly. |
D.It is only suitable for passive drivers. |
A.GPS systems are helpful for drivers. |
B.Driving with GPS can be difficult to navigate (导航). |
C.Drivers should understand how GPS systems work. |
D.Drivers should learn to use GPS systems correctly. |
Sometimes,these warnings may be ignored,and an invader may move accidentally into a neighboring territory,or two animals may meet near the border of their nearby territories.When the two animals meet,they will generally threaten each other with visual (视觉的) displays.These displays will often exaggerate an animal’s size by putting up feathers or fur,or will show off the animal’s weapons.The animals may go through all the behavior of fighting without ever actually touching each other.The displays are generally performed best near the center of an animal’s territory,where it is more likely to attack an invader and where retreating becomes more of a choice.
Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions,when resources are not enough.Serious injury can result,and old or sick animals may die,leading to a more balanced population size.Under most natural conditions,territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.The study of social behaviors such as territoriality in animals may also help us to understand human society.
小题1:What topic is the passage mainly involved in?
A.What animals’ territory is usually like. |
B.How animals deal with different threats. |
C.How animals defend their territory. |
D.Where animal fights take place frequently. |
A.Fighting in groups. |
B.Threatening and warning. |
C.Escaping before being hurt. |
D.Asking partners for help. |
A.enlarge | B.change |
C.shake | D.shrink |
A.animals meet near the border of their territories |
B.the invader enters the defender’s territories |
C.the defender notices the invader smaller than itself |
D.the living resources are limited in the territory |
A.communication | B.condition |
C.population | D.migration |
First,the amount of alcohol in 27 different popular energy drinks was measured.All but one had an alcohol level greater than 0.005%.In nine of the 27 drinks,the alcohol level was at least 0.096%.The scientists then investigated the possibility that these small levels of alcohol could be discovered by an ABT.They asked test subjects to drink a full can or bottle of an energy drink and then gave each subject an ABT one minute and 15 minutes after the drink was finished.
For 11 of the 27 energy drinks,the ABT did find the presence of alcohol if the test was given within one minute after the drink was taken.However,alcohol could not be discovered for any of the drinks if the test was given 15 minutes after the drink was consumed.This shows that when the test is taken plays an important role in the test result.The sooner the test is conducted after the consumption of these drinks,the more likely a positive alcohol reading will be obtained.
小题1:What is the legal alcohol level for a 20yearold driver in the US?
A.0.000%. | B.0.005%. |
C.0.080%. | D.0.096%. |
A.To introduce a new method of calculating blood alcohol levels. |
B.To discover the relation between energy drinks and ABT test results. |
C.To warn people of the dangers of drinking energy drinks. |
D.To change the current legal alcohol limit for drivers in the United States. |
A.the things that are being discussed |
B.areas of knowledge studied in school |
C.the participants in an experiment |
D.the people who belong to a country |
A.The age of the person who takes the test. |
B.The place where the test is given. |
C.The equipment that the test uses. |
D.The time when the test is taken. |
A.A driver whose blood alcohol level is found to be 0.1% will be arrested. |
B.No energy drinks really cause anyone to test positive on an ABT. |
C.Few popular energy drinks contain alcohol in them. |
D.Those taking an ABT 15 minutes after drinking alcohol cannot be found out. |
This was not the first time I’d heard such a statement,but with graduation fast coming close,her words especially struck me.It seemed a bit disappointing to reach one’s life peak at only 22 years of age,but in her opinion,college had been one of the best times in my life so far.I made friends,took classes,and learned a great deal about myself.But I was also excited for the time after college—moving to a new city,starting a new job,and becoming a “real” person.I hoped that my great dreams were practical.
Then,last week I read a column in Real Simple Magazine called 100 Years of Attitude,in which women 100 years or older shared their life experiences and views.I noticed that none of them considered college as the “best” time of their life.Not all of them went to college,but still in most cases their teens and twenties were not the best times of their life.They said some of their favorite times were raising their children,traveling after retirement,and even enjoying their present time and age.
Enjoying one’s present time and age was a clear theme of the interviews.A piece of advice given by the women was about the importance of making the best of all situations.I think it more accurate than that of my friend;I can say with certainty that if I am lucky enough to make it to 100.I refuse to spend the last 80 years of my life plummeting (跌落) downhill,or even leveling off.
I am sure that our eagerness and devotion will make us college students live a meaningful life.We will not just look backwards or miss our college days.We will look forward in excitement about continued journey uphill.
小题1:Which of the following opinions does the writer agree with?
A.College is the best time of one’s life. |
B.Twenties were the best time of the old people. |
C.One should make the best of all situations. |
D.One should not look backwards at their college time. |
A.her achievements in college would be the peak of her success |
B.she is looking forward to living as a “real” person in college |
C.she becomes more and more uneasy with graduation |
D.she is satisfied with the college life but is hopeful for the future |
A.best time of life at youth |
B.life experiences and views |
C.different opinions about life |
D.favorite time with best friends |
A.she will not spend the rest of her time at college |
B.she will not just obtain a college level certificate |
C.she will not be satisfied with what she has already accomplished |
D.she will not be content with the life in the future |
A.Ambitious. | B.Practical. |
C.Imaginative. | D.Proud. |
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