题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
You never see him, but they’re with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you’re traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They’re known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device’s homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots’ conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft’s final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand(抵挡)massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged(潜入水中), they’re also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they’re still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane’s black boxes were never recovered.
小题1:What does the author say about the black box?
A.It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane. |
B.The idea for its design comes from a comic book. |
C.Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible. |
D.It is an indispensable device on an airplane. |
A.Data for analyzing the cause of the crash. |
B.The total number of passengers on board. |
C.The scene of the crash and extent of the damage. |
D.Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash. |
A.New materials became available by that time. |
B.Too much space was needed for its installation. |
C.The early models often got damaged in the crash. |
D.The early models didn’t provide the needed data. |
A.There is still a good chance of their being recovered. |
B.There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed. |
C.They have stopped sending homing signals. |
D.They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
试题分析:
小题1:C细节题。由Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They’re known as the black box.可知其抵御灾害的能力是令人难以置信的,故选C
小题2:A 由第二段第1,2行When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong.可知,这个黑匣子里面有很多的数据可供分析使用,故A正确。
小题3:C倒数第二段Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned…文中提到,早期的黑匣子经常抗不住空难的破坏(failed to withstand crashes),因此在1965年,黑匣子重新设计(redesigned),所以答案为C。
小题4:A最后一段Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazilon June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they"re still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane"s black boxes were never recovered.文中提到,专家相信法航447号的黑匣子是在水下20000英尺的深度,接着指出,但是统计数据显示他们仍然可能出现,即有可能被找到,接下来的具体统计数据也进一步说明了这一点,所以答案为A。
点评:本文主要讲了“黑匣子”的一些相关事宜。对于推理题的考查较多,在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息,采用针对性方法进行阅读,根据词义关系推断具体细节,结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行概括和判断。
核心考点
试题【You never see him, but they’re with you every time you fly. They record where yo】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The 8.9 magnitude quake struck Friday(March 11) off Japan"s eastern coast, and prompted(引发) tsunami warnings(海啸警报)across the Pacific as far away as South America and the U.S. West Coast. Several days after a 8.9-magnitude earthquake and resulting 10-meter-high tsunami devastated the coastline. The United States Geological Survey says it was the fifth largest earthquake since 1900. The largest, with a 9.5 magnitude, shook Chile(智利) in 1960.
In Japan, the tsunami swept away boats, cars and hundreds of houses in coastal areas north of Tokyo. The quake shook buildings in the Japanese capital and caused several fires. All train and subway traffic in Tokyo has been stopped, and thousands of people there were unable to get back home. People are just trying to find clean water. Food supplies are running out. In the convenience stores, there are no rice balls left. There is no bottled water left. People are facing a really serious situation in the days ahead for these people that are living in areas that were only moderately(普通的) damaged. The final death toll could range from the thousands to tens of thousands, depending on how many of these communities are gone.
Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said the government would do everything it can to minimize(使降到最低) the effects of the disaster. And in Washington, President Obama said the United States is ready to help the people of Japan.
小题1:The underline word damage means_____________ in the article.
A.illness | B.disaster | C.terror | D.danger |
A.Thousands of people have been killed in a massive earthquake in Japan. |
B.Only people in areas that were only moderately damaged are facing a really serious situation in the days. |
C.The tsunami devastatednot only the coastline in Japan, but also the areas across the Pacific as far away as South America and the U.S. West Coast. |
D.The massive earthquake caused the tsunami. |
A.the one happened in Japan on March 11, 2011 |
B.the one in Chile in 1960 |
C.the fifth largest earthquake since 1900 |
D.We don"t know. |
A.newspapers and magazines |
B.some medicine |
C.paper napkins and toothpastes |
D.rice balls and bottled water |
A.March 10th newspapers | B.TV | C. Internet | D. Radios |
Play is the basic business of childhood, and more and more in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being.From earliest infancy (婴儿), every child needs opportunity and the right material for play, and the main tools of play are toys.The main function of toys is to suggest, encourage and assist play.To succeed in this, they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again.Therefore, it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development.
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life.So a baby’s ability to benefit from the right play materials should not be underestimated.A baby who is encouraged, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.
The next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds.Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular ability. Bricks and jigsaws and construction toys; painting, scribbling and making things; sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.
By the third stage of play development—from five to seven or eight years old— the child is at school.But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning, at home or at school.It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys.
Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child.But once reading has been mastered, then books and school become the main source of learning.Toys are still interesting and valuable, which lead up to new hobbies, but their significance has changed —to a child of nine or ten years old, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.
小题1:60. The writer wants us to understand that a child_______.
A.cannot grow up without toys | B.matures through play |
C.uses toys as friends | D.has to be taught how to play |
A.determine his character |
B.will not change after the age of three |
C.partly determine the standard he is likely to reach |
D.to a large extent determine the choice of toys |
A.two years old | B.one year old |
C.six years old | D.four years old |
A.the importance of play | B.the importance of books |
C.the relationship between play and work | D.children’s speech development |
Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K (the strikeout-signifying letter) are significantly more likely to strike out.
Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.
“The conscious process is baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A"s,” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance consistent with the name-letter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”
The researchers" work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “name-letter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately(不定比例地)likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.
The twist, Pelham says, is that he has believed the name-letter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”
The researchers say the effect is definitely more than coincidence but is small nevertheless. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school,” Simmons says.
小题1:The new research is mainly about the relationship between one’s ______.
A.name and unconsciousness | B.name and characteristics |
C.name and success | D.sports and school achievements |
A.Miss Smith working as a lawyer. | B.Charles Brown married to Sue Rogers. |
C.Mr. Watt living in Washington | D.Paula Snow fond of the color white. |
A.Difference. | B.Conclusion. |
C.Funny side. | D.Shared part. |
A.isn’t believed in by many people | B.doesn’t work with certain names |
C.may not really exist | D.is often too small to show |
Rescue efforts were underway in Sichuan Province following the terrible 3 , which measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale. According to Xinhua news agency, nearly 15,000 4 died in the disaster, with as many as 24,000 more 5 under ruins and another 14,000 6 .
Chinese troops(军队) were 7 to carry out the rescue operations, and emergency aid was air-dropped into areas that were cut off by the 8 .
Because of the bad weather, in some places 9 had to go into the disaster area on foot and search for trapped survivors by hand as roads were 10 . Some people of the provincial capital Chengdu chose to 11 in tents and government shelters for fear of aftershock causing 12 damage. One witness in Chengdu said that the people there were helping the relief work by donating food and water for those affected in the 13 .
Although full casualty figures (伤亡数字) were not yet 14 , it was clear that the earthquake was the 15 to strike China after the Tangshan earthquake of 1976.
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After the war, the people of Tokyo began to rebuild their city. Buildings went up at a fantastic rate, and between1945 and 1960, the city’s population more than doubled. Because of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo in 1964, many new stadiums, parks and hotels were built to treat visitors from all over the world. As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems have risen. Housing shortage, pollution, and waste disposal(处理) have presented serious challenges to the city, but the government has begun several programs to answer them.
小题1:What kind of city is Tokyo?
A historic city. B. A world famous seaport.
C. A highly modernized city. D. A most attractive (有吸引力的) city for tourists.
小题2:What major(主要的) event(s) happened in Tokyo last century?
A.Its population was doubled. |
B.It was twice destroyed by natural disasters and was twice rebuilt. |
C.Serious social problems emerged.(出现) |
D.It was ruined by an earthquake and a war, but was twice rebuilt. |
A.Housing shortage. | B.Waste disposal. |
C.Heavy traffic. | D.Pollution. |
A.A severe (严重) earthquake and the Second World War. |
B.The foreign occupation (占领) after the war. |
C.The population explosion between 1945 and 1960. |
D.The rapid development of the city after the war. |
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