题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Venter and his researchers made a breakthrough this August. They successfully moved the DNA of one type of bacteria(细菌) to a yeast(酵母) cell, changed it, then put it into another bacterial cell.
“Bacteria have systems that protect them from foreign DNA,” Venter explained to the BBC. In the experiment, the team managed to block this system.
The experiment was performed on a simple type of bacteria called Mycoplasma mycoides. The team took the bacteria’s genes and put them into a yeast cell.
Putting the DNA in a yeast cell allowed the team to change the genes----in this case, taking out a gene that was not necessary for the bacteria to live.
They then put the gene into a host bacteria cell. The cell went on to divide normally, producing new healthy bacteria.
In January, the team created artificial genes of a new type of bacteria. Their next goal is to put the artificial DNA into a host cell to create a new species, according to a report in Science magazine.
“If we don’t make any errors, I think it should work and we should have the first artificial species by the end of the year,” Venter said in the report.
The first artificial life from is likely to be a simple man-made bacteria, to prove that the technology can work. But that form will be followed by more complex bacteria that turn coal into cleaner natural gas, or algae that can take in carbon dioxide and change it into fuel.
Many scientists think it’s good news to have this artificial life, but others are worried that the technology to create new organisms might end up in the wrong hands, with dangerous results.
小题1:Craig Venter and his team are working to ______.
| A．create a new animal |
| B．clone a new species |
| C．produce the first artificial bacteria |
| D．develop a new system |
a. A gene was removed and put into a host bacteria cell.
b. The genes were put into a yeast cell.
c. The cell produced new healthy bacteria.
d. The genes were changed.
e. Some genes were taken out of Mycoplasma mycoides.
| A．d-e-a-c-b | B．e-b-d-a-c |
| C．a-d-e-c-b | D．b-e-d-c-a |
| A．cure deadly diseases |
| B．prepare the Earth for natural disasters |
| C．prove that the technology can work |
| D．improve the earth’s environment |
| A．Venter and his team are the only scientists trying to create artificial life |
| B．The experiment was based on research into different kinds of life on Earth |
| C．A new type of bacteria was created in January |
| D．All scientists are not in favor of the research |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:D
解析
试题分析：本文主要讲了美国的Craig Venter正在着手研究新的人造生命，有些科学家支持，有些科学家反对，甚至认为会造成很严重的后果。。
小题1:根据but US researcher Craig Venter is already working on creating the first artificial life，故选C。
小题2:根据这一段内容The experiment was performed on a simple type of bacteria called Mycoplasma mycoides. The team took the bacteria’s genes and put them into a yeast cell.Putting the DNA in a yeast cell allowed the team to change the genes----in this case, taking out a gene that was not necessary for the bacteria to live.They then put the gene into a host bacteria cell. The cell went on to divide normally, producing new healthy bacteria.故选B。
小题3:根据But that form will be followed by more complex bacteria that turn coal into cleaner natural gas, or algae that can take in carbon dioxide and change it into fuel，故选D。
小题4:根据Many scientists think it’s good news to have this artificial life, but others are worried that the technology to create new organisms might end up in the wrong hands, with dangerous results.故选D。
点评：做这类题要有理有据，以文中所给事实细节为依据，全面把握作者思路与文章脉络，对隐含的观点进行合理推测与判断，深入领会作者“言外之意”，切忌主观臆断，断章取义，曲解作者本意。
核心考点
试题【Scientists have not come close to understanding all the different kinds of life 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
| Animal training refers to teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli (刺激). Training may be for the purpose of companionship, detection, protection, entertainment or all of the above. |
| An animal trainer may use various forms of reinforcement (强化) or punishment to condition an animal’s responses. Some animal trainers may have a knowledge of the principles of behavior analysis and operant conditioning (操作性条件反射), but there are many ways to train animals and as a general rule no legal requirements or certifications are required. |
 Training chickens has become a way for trainers of other animals (primarily dogs) to perfect their training technique. Bob Bailey, former director of Animal Behavior Enterprises and the IQ Zoo, teaches chicken training courses where trainers teach chickens to tell different shapes, to successfully pass through a way with obstacles (障碍) and to chain behaviors together. Chicken training is done using operant conditioning, using a clicker and chicken feed for reinforcement. |
 Fish can also be trained. For example, a goldfish may swim toward its owner and follow him as he walks through the room, but will not follow anyone else. The fish may swim up and down signaling the owner to turn on its aquarium light when it is off, and it will skim the surface until its owner feeds it. Pet goldfish have also been taught to perform more difficult tasks, such as doing the limbo (a kind of dance) and pushing a very small soccer ball into a net. |
 Among all animals, they are the third cleverest after monkeys and dolphins. Scientists think the training of pigs is easier than the training of dogs and cats. Pigs have a very good sense of smell. They can find things nearby or faraway. They can also help the police to find out drugs at an airport or at a train station. |
| A．detect objects for people | B．keep people company |
| C．protect or entertain people | D．all of the above |
| A．Most people teach animals general responses to general conditions. |
| B．Training animals requires some certifications. |
| C．Training chickens is a way to improve the trainers’ skills. |
| D．Chickens can be trained to help the police to find out drugs. |
| A．be trained to follow anyone |
| B．turn on its aquarium light when it is off |
| C．signal its owner to feed it |
| D．take part in a football game in the field |
| A．pigs do not bite like dogs |
| B．pigs are smart animals |
| C．pigs have a good sense of hearing |
| D．pigs can help find out drugs at an airport |
Asians are immigrating (移民) to Canada and the United States in larger numbers than ever before. Most Asians immigrate because they believe that they can give their children a better education in the West. In Asia, especially in China, Japan, and Korea, it is difficult to go to university. Students must first pass the strict national examination. However, in Canada and the United States, it is easy to go to university, and anyone who wants to go can go. As a result, Asian parents decide to leave their countries so that their children can go to university.
The problem is that when Asians arrive, they discover that finding a job and making money are more difficult in the West than in the East. Also, they find that they are very lonely, and that they miss their homes. For these two reasons, most Asian parents decide to go back to work while their children study in the West. Therefore, these children become “satellite kids”, and most of their parents do not know how sad it is to be a “satellite kid”.
Only until now are Canadians and Americans discovering the “satellite kid” problem. Because these children do not speak English and because their parents are not there to take care of them, they are often absent from school. To be a “satellite kid” means to grow up in a country where you know you are different and where you cannot make friends because you do not speak English well. Also, it means to grow up lonely, because your parents are elsewhere. What these “satellite kids” will probably say to their parents is that it’s better to have parents around than to have a university education.
小题1:Some Asian parents send their kids abroad because ________.
| A．they hope their children may easily find a job there |
| B．the kids may not be accepted by universities in their own countries |
| C．all foreign universities are better than the ones in their own countries |
| D．the kids want to improve their English and make foreign friends |
| A．without parents | B．living abroad alone |
| C．with university education | D．speaking no English |
| A．want to leave their own country | B．want them to go to university |
| C．return to their countries to work | D．want them to be independent |
| A．Parents want better education for their kids. |
| B．Parents feel lonely and miss their families. |
| C．Canadians and Americans begin to notice the “satellite kids” problem. |
| D．Kids in foreign countries alone are badly in need of care from family. |
Some teenagers are crossing their dream colleges off their lists. Others are thinking of skipping（略过）their senior trips or reducing prom(毕业舞会)costs. Many are finding their work hours cut while their expenses rise.
So, who exactly is punishing them？Is it their parents, teachers or employers？No, it’s the economy（经济状况）.
If you are like most teenagers, you probably don’t understand what “recession”, “negative economic growth” and “subprime mortgage crisis (次贷危机)”actually mean. And you probably don’t spend your days watching the ups and downs of the stock market.
It’s safe to say that most teens don’t know much about the economy except for one thing：it’s bad. But just how exactly is the economy affecting teens?
“The single largest thing I have noticed is the recession’s ability to affect my college choice, “said Heather Richars from Downey High School in California, US. “With the economic situation the way it is, I have thought less about going to a private or out-of-state university, and more about public schools in California, mainly because of the price of tuition, “said Richars. “I had been a fan of attending a private school up until this year.”
The economy cuts into other areas of teenagers’ lives, too.
Joey Camarda, a student at Modesto High School in California, who works at an ice cream store, said,“ Probably due to the economy, I have been getting less hours at my job, and because of that, I am not getting enough money to help pay for college.”
Tara Mooney, a senior at Beyer High School, has also begun to notice that money is tight.
“Things are getting expensive,” she said. “When it comes to applying for colleges and wanting to go on senior trips, I have to pick and choose instead of doing it all.”
小题1:The purpose of writing the passage is mainly to tell us ________.
| A．the economic recession has had a big effect on teens’ work, life and study |
| B．teenagers are now having difficulty in deciding which colleges to apply for |
| C．teenagers don’t know much about the economic recession |
| D．teenagers are considering giving up their senior trips to save money |
| A．go to a private university |
| B．attend an out-of-state college |
| C．attend a public college in California |
| D．find a good university as he planned |
| A．He has to find more part-time jobs. |
| B．He has to help his mother do more chores. |
| C．He has found that he had more time to study. |
| D．His plan to pay for college will be hard to realize. |
| A．Parents punish their teens by giving them less money. |
| B．Most teens understand what negative economic growth means. |
| C．Teenagers are finding it harder to do what they want than before. |
| D．Teenagers have realized the importance of managing their own money. |
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and force students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you"re surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."
Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.
"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."
"I"ve experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes(模式化形象) and strengthened stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural resistance."
The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
小题1:What can we learn from some recent studies?
| A．Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable. |
| B．Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes. |
| C．Students of different races are prejudiced against each other. |
| D．Interracial lodging does more harm than good. |
| A．Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer. |
| B．Roommates of different races just don"t get along. |
| C．Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out. |
| D．Assigning students" lodging randomly is not a good policy. |
| A．The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race. |
| B．Students of different races are required to share a room. |
| C．Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen. |
| D．Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception. |
| A．Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging. |
| B．Students" racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned. |
| C．Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems. |
| D．It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study. |
Some students who steal essays wholly from the Web, they said, are so lazy they don’t even bother to take the ads off the cut-and-pasted text. 58 percent of the teachers interviewed in the Association of Teachers and Lectures(ALT) questionnaire had come across plagiarism among their pupils. Gill Bullen from Itchen College in Southampton, for example, said pieces handed in by two students were the same and significantly better than either of them could have done.” “Not only that, the essays given in didn’t quite answer the title question I had set.” A teacher from Leeds said, “ I had one piece of work so obviously ‘cut and pasted’ that it still contained ads from the Web page” Connie Robinson from Stockton Riverside College, Stockton, said, “ With less able students, it is easy to spot plagiarism as the writing style changes mid-assignment, but with more able students, it is sometimes necessary for teachers to carry out Internet research to find out the source of the plagiarism.” Mary Bousted, general secretary of the ALT, said, “Teachers are struggling under a mountain of cut-and-pasting to spot whether work was the student’s own or plagiarism.” She called for strong policies to oppose plagiarism, and asked for help from the government in providing resources and techniques to delete cheats.
小题1:What does the underlined word “plagiarism” in Para 1 probably mean?
| A．making quotations |
| B．stealing others’ works or ideas |
| C．cutting and pasting on the Internet |
| D．surfing others’ works or ideas |
| A．bother to remove the ads |
| B．want to steal the whole essay |
| C．check the mistakes on the Internet |
| D．bother to do the work of cutting and pasting |
| A．the government doesn’t complete its duty to stop plagiarism |
| B．it’s very easy for teachers to spot plagiarism |
| C．plagiarism causes the teachers great trouble |
| D．only the government can find cheats |
| A．UK students are lazy |
| B．punishment on plagiarism |
| C．Internet plagiarism –a problem in UK |
| D．Hard to prevent plagiarism from the Internet |
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