题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as “nature and nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching.In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some “anature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites.Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
小题1:This passage is mainly concerned with .
A.relation between personality and behavior |
B.relation between behavior and environment |
C.different accounts of patterns of human behavior |
D.different theories of the formation of human behavior |
A.creators | B.advisors | C.advocates | D.judges |
A.the considerable influence of the two theories |
B.differences between the blacks and whites |
C.racial discrimination in the United States |
D.different responds to intelligence tests |
A.To call our attention to the changes of human behavior. |
B.To urge scientists to do more research in social science. |
C.To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior. |
D.To present an argument in the field of social science. |
答案
解析
核心考点
试题【People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are f】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Call me old-fashioned. Call me old. Call me what you want, but refuse to become part of this new Internet world.
I do not possess a computer at home or at the office. Actually, I stopped going to an office 35 years ago, when all communications were done with a pen, a typewriter, or, if the matter was of world-shaking importance, over the telephone. Likewise, if you like something advertised in a newspaper or magazine, you visited the shop selling it at the given address, or you phoned, the number shown. Then you spoke to the fellow and asked for further details.
Tell me what you think of the following ad that appeared the other day in the newspaper. It was for a cure for cancer and this is what it said: “Awareness is the key. Visit spfulford. com at the awareness site.” There was no address or telephone number for the site. So what do unfortunate people without a computer do it they are seeking a cure for their illness?
There are, I am told, certain advantages in having access to the Internet. You can, for example, send love messages across the world or even get married to someone that you meet online. This bit doesn’t interest me; I have been happily married for 60 years. There are, of course, other activities for Internet users besides finding love. They can pay bills, order groceries, or discuss with their doctors.
And this is by no means all. More amazing things are yet to come in the near future. I read a newspaper report recently that quoted Stephen Hawking, an important British scientist. “The complexity of a computer as it exists today is probably less than the brain of an earthworm,” he said. “But, as technology advances, computers will become more complex, and a time may come when the Internet may develop ‘consciousness.’ In other words, the Internet will be able to think, have feelings, and may well be able to act on its own.”
If Professor Hawking is right, I may change my attitude about conjurers. As I grow older each day, I would like one of those that not only thinks for me but also accepts responsibilities for all my mistakes.
小题1:What’s the meaning of the title “Count Me Out”?
A.Get me out of the Internet world. |
B.Computers are trying to take control of life. |
C.Modern technology pushes old people away. |
D.Do not expect me to be a supporter of the Internet. |
A.unnecessary | B.convenient | C.expensive | D.advanced |
A.Taking blames. | B.Curing illnesses. |
C.Delivering messages. | D.Responding to emotions. |
Fortunately.Morgan recovered gradually,and since then,Rod and his wife Nancy,have been helping other families with cancer.stricken children through the Morgan Center.It is the country’s first preschool for children with cancer.
Because of the risk of germs, children with cancer are usually forbidden from playing with other kids.They must spend their days in hospital rooms or lying in bed at home.The Zuchs believed that children with cancer should have the opportunity to play,too.
The center offers the kids and their families a safe place to connect with others who have the same problem.To reduce the risk of infections,the center"s staff wash their own and the children"s hands frequently,and provide each child with his or her own toys and supplies.
“You feel like you’re not the sick kid’s mom,”said one child’s mother,Maura Lewinger.“It is nice because none of the parents at the center are alienated(孤立的).”
The Zuchs run the center as a non-profit organization and any family can bring their children to the center for free.Nancy Zuch works as the head teacher-with a little help from her daughter Morgan, now l2 years old.Today,Morgan is strong and healthy,and loves to provide support for the children who are going through the difficult time that she once went through.She says she wants to be a teacher at the Morgan Center when she grows up.
小题1:The Zuchs created the Morgan Center .
A.to help their daughter to realize her dream |
B.to invite other children to play with their daughter |
C.to build a school for their daughter and her friends |
D.to provide a healthy place for children with cancer |
A.The kids can share all their toys there. |
B.The kids can receive free medical care. |
C.The kids have to keep their hands clean. |
D.The kids’ parents must pay for the supplies. |
A.Morgan has regained her health. |
B.The Center is run by the government. |
C.Morgan helps in the Center sometimes. |
D.Both kids and parents like the Center. |
A.Long Island’s first preschool for kids with cancer |
B.the pain that the kids in the Morgan Center suffer |
C.the contributions Morgan has made to the Center |
D.the Zuchs,the creators of the Morgan Center |
RES-Gen is a division of leading renewable energy group Renewable Energy Systems(RES),a UK-based company with global operations. RES was one of the pioneers of wind energy technology.It built the UK’s second wind farm in l992.Since then:RES has built more than 40 wind farms across four continents.
Rhodes graduated from the University of Nottingham with a degree in manufacturing engineering. Following that,she received a master"s degree in renewable energy systems technology specializing in wind energy. Rhodes has worked in the wind sector ever since, providing technical support for two leading wind farm developers before joining RES in 2001.
RES’s projects are continually monitored by computer and checked remotely on a daily basis.Regular servicing is carried out by contractors(承包者),usually every six months. Rhodes always has a top—level view of how well the wind turbines(涡轮)are operating.
Rhodes is a supporter of wind—energy engineering.She also works closely with other departments to keep good relations with the communities around RES’s wind farms.The open days and government officials’ visits show that wind power is popular and that wind projects-are viewed positively.
Renewable energy is a growing sector with attractive career prospects. For Rhodes.as the RES wind farms expand,the team that she manages is expected to increase.She enjoys working for a company with strong engineering roots and a highly respected track record(业绩).Her job as a wind farmer is challenging and enjoyable.“It"s great knowing that you are helping to bring about a clean.environment and are contributing to the global community.”
小题1:What’s the text mainly about?
A.Julia Rhodes and her work. | B.Why Julia Rhodes works in RES. |
C.The importance of renewable energy. | D.How出e wind can produce Dower. |
A.She once worked as a farmer to make a living. |
B.She has worked in RES ever since graduation. |
C.She likes her job as a wind farmer very much. |
D.She is in charge of forty wind farms in the UK. |
A.It built the UK"s first wind farm in 2001. |
B.It plays a leading role in the wind sector. |
C.It is an important branch of RES—Gen. |
D.It provides regular servicing for its contractors. |
A.RES is financially supported by the British government. |
B.Wind farms receive a warm welcome around the UK. |
C.RES has developed at a high speed during recent years. |
D.Rhodes thinks people should create a clean environment. |
One of the telescopes, called Pan-STARRS, could save humans from dying out. Nick Kaiser, a scientist who works on the project, says the Pan-STARRS telescope has been designed to find “90 percent of all killer asteroids(小行星) near Earth”.
Pan-STARRS, like most telescopes, uses mirrors and lenses(透镜) to provide pictures of outer space. Giant mirrors are used to “gather” light. They reflect the light onto the lens of a camera, which can then record the image.
When completed, Pan-STARRS will include four telescopes which will be put on top of a mountain on the Hawaiian island of Maui. Only one telescope is in place and working now. Each telescope will take pictures of one patch of sky for about 30 seconds, and then move on to another patch. Every night, each telescope will take pictures of about 1,000 patches. Every week, each telescope will have photographed the whole sky.
Each of the four telescopes will take pictures of the same patches of sky. One telescope, working alone, may sometimes incorrectly show an asteroid. If there are three other telescopes working, astronomers can use them to see if there really is an asteroid coming our way. By using four telescopes instead of one, scientists hope to get a better picture of space. If a giant asteroid was identified, astronomers would try to break it up long before it reached Earth.
小题1: Galileo Galilei is mentioned to ____________.
A.tell us the history of telescopes |
B.introduce the topic of the passage |
C.show people his contributions |
D.tell us about the craters on the moon |
A.To find more asteroids around Earth. |
B.To help scientists know Earth better. |
C.To find killer asteroids coming towards Earth. |
D.To learn about asteroids in outer space. |
A.The use of mirrors in a telescope. |
B.Why Pan-STARRS is different. |
C.How telescope “gather” light |
D.How a telescope works. |
A.1,000 | B.7,000 | C.21,000 | D.28,000 |
A.one telescope often takes unclear pictures |
B.one telescope may provide incorrect information |
C.information from just one telescope is usually incorrect |
D.no information is allowed to be identified based on single information |
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上涂黑。
A daughter thought life was unpromising to her and complained to her father about it.She did not know how she was going to__36_and wanted to give up.She was__37_of fighting and struggling.It seemed as if one problem was just solved before a new one__38__.
Her father, a cook, took her to the__39 _.He filled three pots with water and placed each on a high 40 Soon the pots came to a 41 __.In one he placed carrots, in the second he placed eggs, and the last he placed ground coffee beans.He let them sit and boil, without saying a word.
The daughter sucked her teeth and_42_waited, asking repeatedly what he was doing.In about twenty minutes he turned offthe__43_ He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl.He pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl.Then he spooned the coffee out and placed it in another.Turning to her he asked, "Darling, what do you see?"
"Carrots, eggs, and coffee," she replied.
He brought her closer and asked her to 44 the carrots.She did and noted that they were soft.He then asked her to take an egg and break it.After pulling off the 45 , she observed the hard-boiled egg! Finally, he asked her to taste the coffee.She smiled_46_she tasted its rich flavor.She humbly asked, "What does it mean, Father?"
He explained that each of them had faced the same 47 , boiling water, but each_ 48 differently.The carrot went in 49 and hard.But after being subjected to the boiling water, it _50_and became weak. The egg had been 51 .Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior.But after sitting__52_the boiling water, its inside became hardened.The ground coffee beans were unique, 53 .After they were in the boiling water, they had__54_the water.
"Which are you?" he asked his daughter."When adversity knocks on your door, __55 _do you respond? Are you a carrot, an egg, or a coffee bean?"
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