过去将来完成时
过去将来完成时的结构
过去将来完成时由“would+have+过去分词”构成
过去将来完成时的用法
表示从过去某一时间来看将来某时会已经完成的动作。
如: I thought Sophia would have told you something.
我想索菲娅会已告诉你一些情况。
He knew by the time he arrived she would have gone home.
他知道他到时她会已经回家。
The day was drawing near when we would have completed the reservoir.
我们建成水库的日子不远了。
He said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month.
他说到下月底就不用我的照相机了。
I guessed that Mother would have made some sandwiches by the time we got back.
我猜我们回来时妈妈已经做好一些三明治了。
用于虚拟语气中
若表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,此时条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),而主句谓语则通常用过去完成时(would+have+过去分词),当然,主句谓语也可根据情况使用“should (could, might)+have+过去分词”。
如: If I’d left sooner, I'd have been on time.
要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.
要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)
If I had known that you were coming I would have met you at the air-port.
要是我早知道你要来的话,我就会在机场接你了。
If he had lived, some day Michael would have done something important.
假定麦克尔当时在世的话,他本可做出了不起的事。
If I had known how he felt, I would never have let him adopt those children.
我要是知道他的想法,我是决不会让他领养那些孩子的。
He would have forgotten the boy’s birthday if you hadn’t reminded him.
要不是你提醒他,他会忘记这男孩的生日的。
Our lives would have been greatly impoverished if we had not known our dear friend.
若不是得识我们这位好朋友,我们的生活一定十分不妙。
“would + have + 过去分词”的
情态用法
“would + have + 过去分词”的情态用法
would 后接完成式除用于构成过去将来完成时外,它还有其情态动词用法的一面。
如: Only somebody with a small mind would haverefused to help.
只有心胸狭窄的人才不肯帮助别人。(表推测)
Few men would have bared their soul to a woman as he had.
很少有男人能像他一样对一个女人敞开心扉。(表怀疑)
I’m surprised you didn’t like the film. I would have thought it was just your kind of thing.
你不喜欢这部电影,这让我感到奇怪。我本来还觉得正对你的路呢。(表过去的想法)
My father would have driven me to Cornwall, but we decided it would be quicker by train.
父亲原本要开车送我去康沃尔,但我们还是觉得坐火车更快。(表过去的想法)
The scar added interest to a face that otherwise would have appeared too bland.
这处伤疤为本显得平淡无奇的脸增添了些吸引力。(表示未曾发生的情况)
Since the beginning of the vacation, I ______ across the country, and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains.
A. had traveled
B. will travel
C. have been traveling
D. was traveling— Why, Jack, you look so tired!
— Well, I _____ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have paintedWe _____ along well with each other ever since he came to my home.
A. would get
B. have been getting
C. got
D. had gotI haven"t finished my composition. I _____ for two hours and a half. A. have written it
B. have been writing it
C. wrote it
D. am writing it— I"m sure Andrew will achieve high grades in the final.
— I think so. He _____ hard for it in the past two weeks.
A. is working
B. was working
C. had been working
D. has been workingShe ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _____ all day long.
A. has been reading
B. had read
C. is reading
D. readHe went to Beijing in 1990 and _____ there ever since.
A. is working
B. has been working
C. works
D. workedOver the past decades, sea ice _____ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
A. had decreased
B. decreased
C. has been decreasing
D. is decreasing— I have got a pain in my back.
— No wonder. You _____ in front of the computer too long.
A. have worked
B. are working
C. have been working
D. worked一 I"m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
一 I think so. He _____ for it for months.
A. is preparing
B. was preparing
C. has been preparing
D. had been preparing— Why do you want to work for our company?
— This is the job that I _____ for.[ ]
A. looked
B. am to look
C. had looked
D. have been lookingWe _____ on this project for four hours. Let"s have a rest.
A. are working
B. have been working
C. worked
D. had worked一 We"ve spent too much money recently.
一 Well, it isn"t surprising. Our friends and relatives _____ around all the time.
A. are coming
B. had come
C. were coming
D. have been comingI"m tired out. I _____ all afternoon and I don"t seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped
B. have shopped
C. had shopped
D. have been shopping— Why, Jack, you look so tired!
— Well, I _____ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting
B. will be painting
C. have painted
D. have been paintingJoseph _____ to evening classes since last month, but he still can"t say "What"s your name?" in Russian. [ ]
A. has been going
B. went
C. goes
D. has goneOver the past decades, sea ice _____ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
A. had decreased
B. decreased
C. has been decreasing
D. is decreasing— I am sure Mary will win the first prize in the final.
— I think so. She _____ for it for months.
A. is preparing
B. was preparing
C. had been preparing
D. has been preparing— We"ve spent too much money recently.
— Well, it isn"t surprising. Our friend and relatives _____ around all the time.
A. are coming
B. had come
C. were coming
D. have been comingMother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _____ since her marriage to Father.
A. shoulders
B. shouldered
C. is shouldering
D. has been shoulderingWe _____ on this project for four hours. Let"s have a rest.
A. are working
B. have been working
C. worked
D. had workedI have to see the doctor because I _____ a lot lately.
A. have been coughing
B. had coughed
C. coughed
D. cough— I"m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
— I think so. He ______ for it for months.A. is preparing
B. was preparing
C. has been preparing
D. had been preparing— Bob! How"s your project? I heard you started it last Friday, right?
— Oh! I _____ for it. But I haven"t decided when to do it.
A. have prepared
B. had prepared
C. have been preparing
D. was preparingIt"s nice to see you again. What _____ since we last met? [ ] A. have you done
B. had you done
C. have you been doing
D. did you do一 Now the weight. Only 115. You"d better put on a few pounds.
一 Wel1, actually I _____ like a horse.[ ] A. ate
B. was eating
C. have been eating
D. will eatRecently Peter _____ to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time playing computer games, which extremely annoys his father.
A. had been refusing
B. has been refusing
C. was refusing
D. refused— That"s the third time he"s won the award in this field.
— Yes. He _____ his maximum potential in the past decade.
A. explored
B. is exploring
C. has been exploring
D. had explored— I wonder if you could go to the movie with me.
— Oh, just leave me alone. I _____ a composition all the morning and haven"t finished yet.
A. write
B. was writing
C. have written
D. have been writingEfforts to stop smoking in public areas _____ progress in Hangzhou in recent weeks. [ ] A. made
B. have been made
C. have been making
D. are makingYou"d better have a rest. You _____ for more than two hours without a break.
A. have worked
B. have working
C. have been working
D. have been worked— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
— I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.[ ] A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have paintedI wonder if John has forgotten my number. I _____ him to call me for the past two hours.
A. was expecting
B. had expected
C. have been expecting
D. expectedMaybe Jack has forgotten our appointment completely. I ____ him to call for the past two hours.
A. have been expecting
B. have expected
C. have been expected
D. expectedOver the past decades, sea ice _____ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. [ ]
A. had decreased
B. decreased
C. has been decreasing
D. is decreasingTom _____ in the library every night over the last three months. A. works
B. worked
C. has been working
D. had been workingExcuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair _____ all day. Could you speak to her now? [ ] A. phones
B. has phoned
C. has been phoning
D. phoned— Here is Paul! We _____ anxiously for him since last night.
— Maybe something happened to him.
A. waited
B. were waiting
C. had waited
D. have been waitingHow tired you look! You _____ these weeks. I think you need a holiday before you burn out.
A. had overworked
B. overworked
C. have been overworking
D. were overworked— Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?
— No, but we ____ to get in touch with them ever since.[ ] A. have tried
B. have been trying
C. had tried
D. had been tryingI"m sure you will do better in the test because you ____ so hard this year. [ ] A. studied
B. had studied
C. will study
D. have been studyingLisa, now stop for a short break. You should know that you _____ all the morning. [ ] A. are working
B. had been working
C. have been working
D. have worked— Where is mother?
— She is in the kitchen. She _____ the dinner for the party the whole afternoon.
A. is preparing
B. was preparing
C. has preparing
D. has been preparing— Hi! John, would you like to play football with us?
— Oh, I can"t. I _____ my lesson all the morning and still need half an hour.
A. am reviewing
B. have been reviewing
C. have reviewed
D. reviewedWe ____ hard together to achieve our common goal these years-to build a cleaner, safer and healthier world. A. have been working
B. are working
C. work
D. have workedI won"t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _____ on it for more than an hour.
A. has been working
B. will have worked
C. will have been working
D. had workedI have to see the doctor because I _____ a lot lately.
A. have been coughing
B. had coughed
C. coughed
D. coughPolice are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing
B. have got lost
C. be missing
D. get lostMother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father. [ ] A. shoulders
B. shouldered
C. is shouldering
D. has been shoulderingCathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a
year.[ ] A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying
D. has been studying
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